Nitrogen transfer between plants:: A 15N natural abundance study with crop and weed species
Nitrogen transfer between plants:: A 15N natural abundance study with crop and weed species
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DOI：
10.1007/s11104-005-3081-y
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发表时间：
2006-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Rufty, T. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moyer-Henry, K. A.;Burton, J. W.;Rufty, T. W.
越来越多的证据表明氮可以在植物之间转移。尽管如此，仍然存在一些基本问题。在田间开展了一系列实验，以检查固氮大豆 (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) 品种与非结瘤大豆之间，以及固氮花生 (Arachishypogaea L.) 或大豆与邻近杂草物种之间的氮转移。实验在氮肥力低的土壤中进行，并利用氮积累和/或 N-15 自然丰度的差异来估计氮转移。固氮大豆和非点头大豆的混合物表明发生了大量的株间氮转移。含量各不相同，范围从可忽略不计的水平到成熟时非点头中发现的 48% 的 N。转移似乎并没有对固定 N-2 的供体植物产生强烈的不利影响。但是，在转移大量氮的情况下，供体的氮含量显着降低。从不同 N-2 固定供体基因型转移的 N 量存在明显差异。对固氮作物和杂草种类刺西达 (Sida spinosa L.) 和镰形 (Senna obtusifolia [L.] Irwin & Barneby) 的实验结果也表明，在 60 天的时间内发生了大量的氮转移，其数量占杂草中存在的氮的 30-80%。然而，在已知为丛枝菌根非寄主的杂草物种（黄莎草、Cyperus esculentus L. 和长芒苋、Amaranthus palmeri [S.] Watson）中，氮的转移通常非常低。结果与氮转移主要通过菌根菌丝网络发生的观点一致，并且表明氮转移可能是低氮肥力条件下固氮作物杂草问题的一个促成因素。
An increasing amount of evidence indicates that N can be transferred between plants. Nonetheless, a number of fundamental questions remain. A series of experiments was initiated in the field to examine N transfer between N-2-fixing soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) varieties and a non-nodulating soybean, and between N-2-fixing peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) or soybean and neighboring weed species. The experiments were conducted in soils with low N fertilities and used differences in N accumulation and/or N-15 natural abundance to estimate N transfer. Mixtures of N-2-fixing and non-nod soybean indicated that substantial inter-plant N transfer occurred. Amounts were variable, ranging from negligible levels to 48% of the N found in the non-nod at maturity. Transfer did not appear to strongly penalize the N-2-fixing donor plants. But, in cases where high amounts of N were transferred, N content of donors was noticeably lowered. Differences were evident in the amount of N transferred from different N-2-fixing donor genotypes. Results of experiments with N-2-fixing crops and the weed species prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia [L.] Irwin & Barneby) also indicated substantial N transfer occurred over a 60-day period, with amounts accounting for 30-80% of the N present in the weeds. Transfer of N, however, was generally very low in weed species that are known to be non-hosts for arbuscular mycorrhizae (yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. and Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri [S.] Watson). The results are consistent with the view that N transfer occurs primarily through mycorrhizal hyphal networks, and they reveal that N transfer may be a contributing factor to weed problems in N-2-fixing crops in low N fertility conditions.