Fluctuations of Global Solar Radiation in Japan during the First Half of the 19th Century as Estimated from Historical Weather Records
Fluctuations of Global Solar Radiation in Japan during the First Half of the 19th Century as Estimated from Historical Weather Records
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根据历史天气记录估算 19 世纪上半叶日本全球太阳辐射的波动
DOI：
10.5026/jgeography.127.543
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Masuda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Ichino;T. Mikami;K. Masuda
― 543 ― 摘要 日本的许多历史文献都包含每日天气记录。为了根据每日天气记录重建历史气候，Ichino 等人。 （2001）构建了一种根据日常天气状况估算全球太阳辐射的方法。本文尝试根据 11 份历史文献中的天气记录重建 19 世纪上半叶的月平均太阳辐射，特别关注 1836 年发生饥荒的记录。全球太阳辐射是地球能量平衡的重要因素，也是水文循环和农业生产力的基础。这意味着重建全球太阳辐射涉及对气候物理学和历史人类社会的研究。将 1836 年全球太阳辐射月平均值的估计值与 30 年（1821 年⊖ 1850 年）（包括 1830 年代）的平均估计值进行了比较，在日本有 11 个数据点。根据我们的估计，除了东北和九州南部以外，1836年7月和8月的太阳辐射值均小于临时正常值，即30年（1821年⊖1850年）的平均值，但差异并不极端。另一方面，1830 年代的波动比之前和之后的其他几十年要大。此外，春季（2月、3月、4月）和秋季（9月、10月、11月）的预估不低于平均预估。这些结果显示七月和八月太阳辐射异常低，这可能是饥荒年影响社会的关键气候条件。
― 543 ― Abstract Many historical documents in Japan include daily weather records. To reconstruct historical climates from daily weather records, Ichino et al . （ 2001 ） constructed a method for estimating global solar radiation based on daily weather conditions. Presented is an attempt to reconstruct monthly mean solar radiation during the first part of the 19th century based on weather records found in 11 historical documents, with special attention to records in the year 1836, when a famine occurred. Global solar radiation is an important factor in the energy balance of the Earth, and is also fundamental to the hydrological cycle and agricultural productivity. This implies that reconstructing global solar radiation involves investigations into climatic physics and historical human societies. The estimated monthly means of global solar radiation in 1836 are compared to average estimations for 30 years （ 1821 ⊖ 1850 ） , including the 1830s, at 11 points in Japan where data are generally available. According to our estimation, the values of solar radiation in July and August 1836 were smaller than their provisional normal values, which is the average for 30 years （ 1821 ⊖ 1850 ） , at all points except those in Tohoku and southern Kyushu, although these differences were not extreme. On the other hand, fluctuations during the 1830s were larger than other decades before and afterwards. Moreover, the estimations in spring （ February, March, and April ） and autumn （ September, October, and November ） were no smaller than the average estimations. These results show an anomalously low solar radiation in July and August, which might have been a key climatic condition affecting society in the famine year.
代际交流中的重要事情
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
大木聖子;中谷内一也;吉津晶子;増田知尋・村越琢磨・木村敦・和田有史;Gondo,Y.;Hayato Kobayashi;吉津晶子・石川武,今,なぜ世代間交流が 必要か
通讯作者：
吉津晶子・石川武,今,なぜ世代間交流が 必要か