Adaptive Plasticity Under Adverse Listening Conditions is Disrupted in Developmental Dyslexia
Adaptive Plasticity Under Adverse Listening Conditions is Disrupted in Developmental Dyslexia
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DOI：
10.1017/s1355617720000661
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Holt, Lori L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gabay, Yafit;Holt, Lori L.
目的：语音信号的声学失真会损害口语识别，但健康的听众表现出自适应可塑性，这与失真语音输入如何映射到语音表征的快速调整一致，这可能是通过监督错误驱动学习的参与。这使得自适应可塑性在语音感知方面的发展性阅读障碍，因为阅读障碍的影响语音处理，并可能涉及神经生物学系统的功能障碍假设参与自适应plasticity.Method：在这里，我们研究了典型的年轻成年人的听众（N = 17），和那些阅读障碍（N = 16），因为他们报告的身份的母语单音节口语单词的信号处理已被应用到创建一个系统的声学失真。在训练过程中，所有参与者经历了增量信号失真增加到轻度失真的语音沿着正字法和听觉反馈，指示单词身份以下的反应在一个简短的，250次试验训练块。在前测和后测阶段，没有反馈提供给participants.Results：词识别严重失真的语音是穷人在前测和等效跨组。训练导致改善的单词识别最严重的失真的语音在posttest，有证据表明，自适应可塑性推广到支持识别新的令牌，以前没有经历过的失真。然而，训练相关的识别增益与诵读困难的听众显着不那么强大比控制listeners.Conclusions：不太有效的自适应可塑性语音失真可能会影响能力的个人与诵读困难，以处理所产生的变化，如噪声和外国口音的语音来源。
Objective:Acoustic distortions to the speech signal impair spoken language recognition, but healthy listeners exhibit adaptive plasticity consistent with rapid adjustments in how the distorted speech input maps to speech representations, perhaps through engagement of supervised error-driven learning. This puts adaptive plasticity in speech perception in an interesting position with regard to developmental dyslexia inasmuch as dyslexia impacts speech processing and may involve dysfunction in neurobiological systems hypothesized to be involved in adaptive plasticity.Method:Here, we examined typical young adult listeners (N = 17), and those with dyslexia (N = 16), as they reported the identity of native-language monosyllabic spoken words to which signal processing had been applied to create a systematic acoustic distortion. During training, all participants experienced incremental signal distortion increases to mildly distorted speech along with orthographic and auditory feedback indicating word identity following response across a brief, 250-trial training block. During pretest and posttest phases, no feedback was provided to participants.Results:Word recognition across severely distorted speech was poor at pretest and equivalent across groups. Training led to improved word recognition for the most severely distorted speech at posttest, with evidence that adaptive plasticity generalized to support recognition of new tokens not previously experienced under distortion. However, training-related recognition gains for listeners with dyslexia were significantly less robust than for control listeners.Conclusions:Less efficient adaptive plasticity to speech distortions may impact the ability of individuals with dyslexia to deal with variability arising from sources like acoustic noise and foreign-accented speech.