Synopsis of Glauconitization: Part 6. Special Features of Sediments
Synopsis of Glauconitization: Part 6. Special Features of Sediments
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作者：
J. Takahashi
本文对八木及其作者的作品进行了总结，其中大部分作品已在日文出版。海绿石似乎是在海洋条件下通过二氧化硅水化和随后的碱吸收和氧化铝损失的过程形成的。在所研究的海绿石中，大约12%的SiO2、22.5%的氧化镁、FeO和Fe2O3和10%的K2O可“溶于”酸或被碱取代。这些碱基的去除或交换不会从本质上改变矿物的光学性质。海绿石可能来源于许多母物质，如粪便颗粒、填满有孔虫、放射虫和其他海洋生物空洞的粘土物质，或硅酸盐矿物物质，如火山玻璃、长石、云母或辉石。有机质的存在似乎促进了海绿石的形成。青森湾沉积物表明，在咸水中，海绿石化过程中，母物质失去了除钾外的氧化铝、二氧化硅和碱，而获得了铁和钾。在Kasumiga-uri泻湖，其水几乎是新鲜的，母物质失去二氧化硅而获得亚铁，但其他成分变化不大。因此，海水似乎是必不可少的。在正常的海水中，水合硅酸盐比在含有与海水相同浓度的氯化钾和镁的淡水中吸收更多的钾肥，这进一步表明了对海水的需要。
This paper is a summary of work of Yagi and the writer, much of which has been published in Japanese. Glauconite seems to be formed under marine conditions by a process of hydration of silica and subsequent absorption of bases and loss of alumina. In the glauconite studied, some 12 molecular per cent of SiO2, 22.5 per cent of MgO, FeO, and Fe2O3, and 10 per cent of K2O are "soluble" in acids or replaceable by bases. The removal or exchange of these bases does not essentially alter the optical properties of the mineral. Glauconite may originate from a number of mother materials, such as faecal pellets, clayey substances filling cavities of foraminifera, radiolaria, and tests of other marine organisms, or from silicate mineral sub tances, such as volcanic glass, feldspar, mica, or pyroxene. The presence of organic matter seems to facilitate the formation of glauconite. In salt water, as indicated by the sediments of Aomori Bay, the mother substances during glauconitization lose alumina, silica, and alkalies except potash, and gain ferric iron and potash. In Kasumiga-uri Lagoon, whose water is nearly fresh, the mother substances lose silica and gain ferrous iron, but the other constituents do not vary greatly. Sea water, therefore, seems essential. The need for sea water is further indicated by the greater absorption of potash by hydrated silicates in normal sea water than in fresh water containing potassium and magnesium chloride in the same concentration as in sea water.