OBSERVATIONS ON THE ECOLOGY AND FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF THE ANCHIALINE SHRIMP PROCARIS ASCENSIONIS
OBSERVATIONS ON THE ECOLOGY AND FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF THE ANCHIALINE SHRIMP PROCARIS ASCENSIONIS
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南岸虾Procaris ASCENSIONIS的生态及摄食行为观察
DOI：
10.2307/1548217
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Felgenhauer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. G. Abele;B. Felgenhauer
摘要浮游对虾发生在受潮汐影响的内陆水塘中。个体出现在深裂缝的阴凉区，几乎从不出现在阳光充足的或开阔的区域。虽然该物种被认为是稀有物种，但我们在1983年3月的野外观察显示，在通往地表池塘的熔岩洞穴中，该物种的密度为18.2±4.9只m-3。池塘和洞穴中明显存在大小分离，较小的个体大部分时间呆在缝隙中，以及共生细胞藻瓦洛尼亚和分枝绿藻之间。体型较大的个体主要利用足周外足类和腹足类在水柱中进行倒置游泳。而在洞穴底部，大型个体在藻类中移动，横向伸展脊状周足类动物，显然是在寻找猎物。当遇到猎物时，Procaris会伸展所有五只围足类动物，并拉住猎物的腹部，借助第三只上颌足动物将其困在颧胸上。然后，普罗卡里斯把猎物放在由多刺的周足类动物组成的笼子里，倒立着游泳。对猎物的探测可能是通过周足类和第三上颌足类身上的机械或化学感受器来完成的。通过缩小的眼睛的切片显示没有小眼，这表明这种虾是盲人的。Procaris是一种贪婪的捕食者，捕食伽马氏双足类动物Melita和拟态对虾Typhlatya rogersi，尽管详细的肠道分析产生了相同数量的动物部分和植物(丝状藻类和底栖硅藻)。Procaris的生殖生物学仍不清楚。
ABSTRACT The shrimp Procaris ascensionis occurs in landlocked pools that are under tidal influence. Individuals occur in shaded areas in deep crevices and almost never occur in sunlit or open areas. Although this species has been considered to be rare, our field observations during March 1983 revealed densities of 18.2 ± 4.9 individuals m–3 in lava caves leading off surface pools. Size segregation is evident in pools and caves, with smaller individuals spending most of their time in crevices and among the coenocytic alga Valonia and branching green algae. Large individuals primarily spend a large portion of their time in the water column swimming upside down using pereiopodal exopods and pleopods. While on the cave bottom large individuals move through algae, extending the achelate pereiopods laterally, apparently searching for prey. When a prey item is encountered, Procaris extends all five pereiopods and pulls the prey ventrally, trapping it against the gnathothorax with the aid of the third maxillipeds. Procaris then swims upside down holding the prey within a cage formed by the spinous pereiopods. Detection of prey is probably accomplished by mechano- or chemoreceptors borne on the pereiopods and third maxillipeds. Sections through the reduced eye revealed no ommatidia, suggesting that this shrimp is blind. Procaris is a voracious predator on the gammarid amphipod Melita and the atyid shrimp Typhlatya rogersi, although detailed gut analyses produced equal amounts of animal parts and plants (filamentous algae and benthic diatoms). The reproductive biology of Procaris remains unknown.