The TOR complex controls ATP levels to regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics in Arabidopsis.
The TOR complex controls ATP levels to regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics in Arabidopsis.
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拟南芥中 TOR 复合物控制 ATP 水平来调节肌动蛋白细胞骨架动力学
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2122969119
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发表时间：
2022-09-20
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
细胞必须克服能量短缺的问题，而克服能量短缺的能力决定了它们的命运。因此，细胞协调其细胞活动和能量状态的能力对于所有生物体都很重要。真核细胞中主要的能量消耗之一是肌动蛋白细胞骨架的不断周转，它在聚合和解聚的循环过程中消耗 ATP。我们报告说，TOR 复合体是一个主调节中心，整合细胞能量信息以协调细胞生长和代谢，控制植物细胞中的细胞 ATP 水平。我们进一步阐明，低 ATP 水平会导致植物细胞中肌动蛋白动力学降低。这些发现让我们深入了解植物细胞如何处理低能量情况。能量对于生物体的所有细胞功能至关重要。因此，细胞如何协调其生理过程与能量状态和可用性是一个重要的问题。肌动蛋白细胞骨架在单体和丝状形式之间的转换是真核细胞中主要的能量消耗。然而，植物细胞中肌动蛋白动态如何受 ATP 水平调节仍然很大程度上未知。在这里，我们观察到，雷帕霉素复合物 1 (TORC1) 靶点功能受损的幼苗，无论是由于关键成分 RAPTOR1B 的突变，还是通过特定抑制剂抑制 TOR 活性，与对照相比，幼苗对肌动蛋白细胞骨架干扰物的敏感性降低。一致的是，在 TORC1 受损的细胞中，肌动蛋白丝动力学受到抑制，但组织并未受到抑制。亚细胞定位分析和 ATP 浓度定量表明，RAPTOR1B 定位于细胞质和线粒体，并且在 TORC1 受损的植物中 ATP 水平显着降低。进一步的药理学实验表明，线粒体功能的抑制导致在植物生长和肌动蛋白动力学水平上模仿 raptor1b 突变体中观察到的表型。外源供给腺嘌呤可以部分恢复 TORC1 缺陷植物中的 ATP 水平和肌动蛋白动态。因此，这些数据支持 TORC1 在协调植物细胞中 ATP 稳态和肌动蛋白动态方面的重要作用。
Cells must overcome energy shortage, and the ability to do so determines their fate. The ability of cells to coordinate their cellular activities and energy status is therefore important for all living organisms. One of the major energy drains in eukaryotic cells is the constant turnover of the actin cytoskeleton, which consumes ATP during the cycle of polymerization and depolymerization. We report that the TOR complex, a master regulatory hub that integrates cellular energy information to coordinate cell growth and metabolism, controls cellular ATP levels in plant cells. We further elucidate that low ATP levels cause reduced actin dynamics in plant cells. These findings provide insight into how plant cells handle low energy situations. Energy is essential for all cellular functions in a living organism. How cells coordinate their physiological processes with energy status and availability is thus an important question. The turnover of actin cytoskeleton between its monomeric and filamentous forms is a major energy drain in eukaryotic cells. However, how actin dynamics are regulated by ATP levels remain largely unknown in plant cells. Here, we observed that seedlings with impaired functions of target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), either by mutation of the key component, RAPTOR1B, or inhibition of TOR activity by specific inhibitors, displayed reduced sensitivity to actin cytoskeleton disruptors compared to their controls. Consistently, actin filament dynamics, but not organization, were suppressed in TORC1-impaired cells. Subcellular localization analysis and quantification of ATP concentration demonstrated that RAPTOR1B localized at cytoplasm and mitochondria and that ATP levels were significantly reduced in TORC1-impaired plants. Further pharmacologic experiments showed that the inhibition of mitochondrial functions led to phenotypes mimicking those observed in raptor1b mutants at the level of both plant growth and actin dynamics. Exogenous feeding of adenine could partially restore ATP levels and actin dynamics in TORC1-deficient plants. Thus, these data support an important role for TORC1 in coordinating ATP homeostasis and actin dynamics in plant cells.
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影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Henty, Jessica L.;Bledsoe, Samuel W.;Staiger, Christopher J.
通讯作者：
Staiger, Christopher J.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Cunningham, John T.;Rodgers, Joseph T.;Puigserver, Pere
通讯作者：
Puigserver, Pere
DOI：
10.1152/ajprenal.00210.2002
发表时间：
2003-04-01
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Ashworth, SL;Southgate, EL;Molitoris, BA
通讯作者：
Molitoris, BA
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1919196117
发表时间：
2020-03-03
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Brunkard, Jacob O.;Xu, Min;Zambryski, Patricia
通讯作者：
Zambryski, Patricia
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1406251111
发表时间：
2014-10-28
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Gout, Elisabeth;Rebeille, Fabrice;Bligny, Richard
通讯作者：
Bligny, Richard