Separate neural systems support representations for actions and objects during narrative speech in post-stroke aphasia.
Separate neural systems support representations for actions and objects during narrative speech in post-stroke aphasia.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nicl.2015.11.013
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bonilha L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gleichgerrcht E;Fridriksson J;Rorden C;Nesland T;Desai R;Bonilha L
日常言语中对象和动作的表示通常具体化为名词和动词，这两个语法类别构成了语言的核心元素。鉴于它们在挑选物体（名词）或提及变革性行为（动词）方面的作用非常不同，它们可能依赖于不同的大脑回路。我们通过对 38 名慢性中风患者的左半球进行基于网络的病变症状映射来测试这一假设。我们通过应用于磁共振成像的概率纤维束成像重建了个体大脑连接组，并从图片命名任务引发的叙事话语中获得了指代物体和动作的词语的产生量。表示动作的词语与涉及运动控制和编程的前额网络密切相关。相反，表示物体的单词与遍布枕叶、后下颞叶和顶叶区域的后网络有关，可能与视觉处理和图像、物体识别和空间注意/扫描有关。因此，这些网络中的每一个都涉及通常涉及认知和感觉运动体验的大脑区域，相当于每个语法类别所提供的功能（例如动词的运动区域，名词的感知区域）。人类言语中的两个主要语法类别依赖于两个可分离网络的发现对于语言神经生物学具有重要的理论意义，对于中风导致的慢性失语症患者的评估和潜在的康复和治疗具有临床意义。名词和动词在语音中发挥不同的功能，依赖于不同的神经网络。名词的产生取决于枕叶-颞叶-顶叶网络。动词的产生取决于结构的额叶网络。基于网络的病变症状映射是理解行为的有用工具。
Representations of objects and actions in everyday speech are usually materialized as nouns and verbs, two grammatical classes that constitute the core elements of language. Given their very distinct roles in singling out objects (nouns) or referring to transformative actions (verbs), they likely rely on distinct brain circuits. We tested this hypothesis by conducting network-based lesion-symptom mapping in 38 patients with chronic stroke to the left hemisphere. We reconstructed the individual brain connectomes from probabilistic tractography applied to magnetic resonance imaging and obtained measures of production of words referring to objects and actions from narrative discourse elicited by picture naming tasks. Words for actions were associated with a frontal network strongly engaging structures involved in motor control and programming. Words for objects, instead, were related to a posterior network spreading across the occipital, posterior inferior temporal, and parietal regions, likely related with visual processing and imagery, object recognition, and spatial attention/scanning. Thus, each of these networks engaged brain areas typically involved in cognitive and sensorimotor experiences equivalent to the function served by each grammatical class (e.g. motor areas for verbs, perception areas for nouns). The finding that the two major grammatical classes in human speech rely on two dissociable networks has both important theoretical implications for the neurobiology of language and clinical implications for the assessment and potential rehabilitation and treatment of patients with chronic aphasia due to stroke. Nouns & verbs serve distinct functions in speech, relying on distinct neural networks. Production of nouns depends on an occipital–temporal–parietal network. Production of verbs depends on a frontal network of structures. Network-based lesion-symptom mapping is a useful tool in understanding behavior.