BIAS, PREVALENCE AND KAPPA
BIAS, PREVALENCE AND KAPPA
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DOI：
10.1016/0895-4356(93)90018-v
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发表时间：
1993-05-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
CARLIN, JB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BYRT, T;BISHOP, J;CARLIN, JB
自从引入科恩的kappa作为两个观察者之间的一致性的机会调整措施以来，已经指出了其解释中的几个“悖论”。出现困难是因为kappa不仅衡量一致性，而且还以复杂的方式受到观察者之间存在偏差和所使用的类别之间数据分布（“流行率”）的影响。在本文中，定义了新的指标，这些指标提供了偏差和患病率以及观察到的一致性的独立度量，并推导了一个简单的公式，用这三个指标表示kappa。当在一致性研究之间进行比较时，单独报告kappa值可能会产生误导，建议研究人员还包括偏见和流行程度的定量指标。
Since the introduction of Cohen's kappa as a chance-adjusted measure of agreement between two observers, several ''paradoxes'' in its interpretation have been pointed out. The difficulties occur because kappa not only measures agreement but is also affected in complex ways by the presence of bias between observers and by the distributions of data across the categories that are used (''prevalence''). In this paper, new indices that provide independent measures of bias and prevalence, as well as of observed agreement, are defined and a simple formula is derived that expresses kappa in terms of these three indices. When comparisons are made between agreement studies it can be misleading to report kappa values alone, and it is recommended that researchers also include quantitative indicators of bias and prevalence.