The Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Problem Solving Heuristic
The Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Problem Solving Heuristic
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问题解决启发式的开发、实施和评估
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mercedes Lorenzo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mercedes Lorenzo
摘要
解决问题是科学教学的主要目标之一，也是许多学生感到困难的事情。本研究报告的发展，实施和评估的问题解决启发式。此启发式旨在帮助学生理解解决问题所涉及的步骤（元认知工具），并为他们提供一个有组织的方法来系统地解决问题。这种方法通过逻辑推理引导学生在进行计算之前对问题的解决方案进行定性表示，使用“向后策略”，因此包括认知工具。研究结果表明，学生发现启发式在建立和解决定量化学问题，并帮助他们了解问题解决过程的阶段有用。启发式在课堂上的可能应用包括在形成性评估中的使用，以确定和克服学生的替代概念，在合作环境中解决问题，并减少科学中的性别差距。
Abstract
Problem-solving is one of the main goals in science teaching and is something many students find difficult. This research reports on the development, implementation and evaluation of a problem-solving heuristic. This heuristic intends to help students to understand the steps involved in problem solving (metacognitive tool), and to provide them with an organized approach to tackling problems in a systematic way. This approach guides students by means of logical reasoning to make a qualitative representation of the solution of a problem before undertaking calculations, using a ‘backwards strategy,’ which thus comprises a cognitive tool. The findings of the study suggest that students found the heuristic useful in setting up and solving quantitative chemical problems, and helped them to understand the phases of the problem solving process. Possible applications of the heuristic in the classroom include its use in formative assessment, to identify and to overcome student alternative conceptions, problem-solving in a cooperative environment, and to reduce the gender gap in science.