Segregation of information about emotional arousal and valence in horse whinnies.
Segregation of information about emotional arousal and valence in horse whinnies.
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有关马嘶鸣情绪唤起和效价的信息分离。
DOI：
10.1038/srep09989
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发表时间：
2015-04-21
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Hillmann E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Briefer EF;Maigrot AL;Mandel R;Freymond SB;Bachmann I;Hillmann E
通过跨物种比较，研究情感的声音相关性对于更好地理解情感表达的进化是很重要的。情绪由两个主要维度组成：情绪唤醒（平静与兴奋）和效价（消极与积极）。这两个维度可以被编码在不同的声音参数（信息隔离）或相同的参数，诱导之间的权衡线索指示情绪唤醒和效价。我们在马身上研究了这两种假设。我们把马放在五种情况下，引发几个唤醒水平和积极和消极的效价。在测试过程中收集的生理和行为测量表明存在不同的潜在情绪。首先，通过详细的声音分析，我们发现所有的呜呜声都包含两个基本频率（“F0”和“G0”），它们没有谐波相关，这表明双音。其次，我们发现F0和能谱编码觉醒，而G0和嘶嘶声持续时间编码效价。我们的研究结果表明，线索的情绪唤醒和效价分离在不同的，相对独立的参数马的嘶鸣。我们观察到的大多数与情感相关的发声变化与人类和其他物种相似，这表明情感的声音表达在整个进化过程中是保守的。
Studying vocal correlates of emotions is important to provide a better understanding of the evolution of emotion expression through cross-species comparisons. Emotions are composed of two main dimensions: emotional arousal (calm versus excited) and valence (negative versus positive). These two dimensions could be encoded in different vocal parameters (segregation of information) or in the same parameters, inducing a trade-off between cues indicating emotional arousal and valence. We investigated these two hypotheses in horses. We placed horses in five situations eliciting several arousal levels and positive as well as negative valence. Physiological and behavioral measures collected during the tests suggested the presence of different underlying emotions. First, using detailed vocal analyses, we discovered that all whinnies contained two fundamental frequencies (“F0” and “G0”), which were not harmonically related, suggesting biphonation. Second, we found that F0 and the energy spectrum encoded arousal, while G0 and whinny duration encoded valence. Our results show that cues to emotional arousal and valence are segregated in different, relatively independent parameters of horse whinnies. Most of the emotion-related changes to vocalizations that we observed are similar to those observed in humans and other species, suggesting that vocal expression of emotions has been conserved throughout evolution.