How blood-derived odor influences mate-choice decisions by a mosquito-eating predator
How blood-derived odor influences mate-choice decisions by a mosquito-eating predator
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血液来源的气味如何影响以蚊子为食的捕食者的择偶决策
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Simon D. Pollard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fiona R. Cross;R. Jackson;Simon D. Pollard
库氏Evarcha culicivora（蜘蛛目，沙蚊科）通过选择携带血液的雌蚊作为首选猎物间接以脊椎动物的血液为食。相互选择配偶的行为在这个物种中也很明显。我们的研究表明，当culicivora间接以血液为食时，它会获得一种与饮食有关的气味，这使它对异性更有吸引力。在一系列的实验中，研究人员通过比较测试蜘蛛在某一天对一个来源蜘蛛的气味保持接近的时间，以及在第二天对另一个来源蜘蛛的气味保持接近的时间，来研究成年蜘蛛和成年蜘蛛的择偶决定。实验采用吸血雌蚊（库蚊科，冈比亚按蚊）、糖食雌蚊、雄蚊和湖蝇（摇尾蚊科，短尾Nilodorum brevibucca）四种不同的来源蜘蛛维持食物。库氏伊蚊的两性都花了更多的时间来接近以血为食的异性蚊子的气味，而不是三种非血食物中的任何一种。曾经吃非血液食物的异性同种动物一旦换成血液食物，就会变得更有吸引力。当蜘蛛被转换成不含血液的食物或禁食后，它们的吸引力就会减弱，这表明血液中诱人的气味会消散。然而，在以血为食而不是以湖蝇为食的情况下，并没有明显的偏好同性同种的气味。这些发现在性选择和感官利用的背景下进行了讨论。
Evarcha culicivora (Araneae, Salticidae) feeds indirectly on vertebrate blood by choosing, as preferred prey, bloodcarrying female mosquitoes. Mutual mate-choice behavior is also pronounced in this species. Here we show that, when E. culicivora feeds indirectly on blood, it acquires a diet-related odor that makes it more attractive to the opposite sex. The mate-choice decisions of the adults of both sexes were investigated in a series of experiments based on comparing how long the test spider remained close to the odor of one source spider on one day and to the odor of a different source spider on the following day. Four different maintenance diets for source spiders were used in these experiments: bloodfed female mosquitoes (Culicidae, Anopheles gambiae ss), sugar-fed female mosquitoes, male mosquitoes, and lake flies (Chironomidae, Nilodorum brevibucca). Both sexes of E. culicivora spent more time close to the odor of opposite-sex conspecifics that had been on a diet of bloodfed mosquitoes (blood diet) instead of any of the three nonblood diets. Opposite-sex conspecifics that had been on a nonblood diet became more attractive once they were switched to a blood diet. That the attractive odor from blood dissipates was shown when spiders became less attractive once they were switched to a nonblood diet or subjected to a fast. However, there was no evident preference for the odor of a same-sex conspecific on a blood diet instead of a lake fly diet. These findings are discussed in the context of sexual selection and sensory exploitation.