Training of the executive component of working memory: Subcortical areas mediate transfer effects
Training of the executive component of working memory: Subcortical areas mediate transfer effects
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DOI：
10.3233/rnn-2009-0492
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Nyberg, Lars
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dahlin, Erika;Backman, Lars;Nyberg, Lars
目的：最近的一些研究表明，训练可以提高工作记忆（WM）的性能。在这篇评论中，许多问题与WM训练，如神经基础，转移效应，和年龄相关的变化address.Method：我们专注于我们自己的研究调查任务的训练征税的执行更新功能，并讨论我们的研究结果从其他研究调查的结果WM的执行组件的培训。训练后最常见的神经模式是额顶叶活动减少。在训练后，皮层下区域的增加也经常被报道，我们认为这种增加表明训练后潜在技能的变化。转移效应一般难以证明。一些研究表明，老年人在WM训练后提高了他们的表现。然而，转移效应是小的或不存在的，在老年期。结论：在这篇评论中的主要发现是，皮层下区域似乎有一个关键的作用，在介导的转移效应，未经训练的任务后，至少有一些形式的工作记忆训练（如更新）。
Purpose: Several recent studies show that training can improve working memory (WM) performance. In this review, many issues related to WM training, such as neural basis, transfer effects, and age-related changes are addressed.Method: We focus on our own studies investigating training on tasks taxing the executive updating function and discuss our findings in relation to results from other studies investigating training of the executive component of WM.Results: The review confirms positive behavioral effects of training on working memory. The most common neural pattern following training is fronto-parietal activity decreases. Increases in sub-cortical areas are also frequently reported after training, and we suggest that such increases indicate changes in the underlying skill following training. Transfer effects are in general difficult to demonstrate. Some studies show that older adults increase their performance after WM training. However, transfer effects are small or nonexistent in old age.Conclusions: The main finding in this review is that sub-cortical areas seem to have a critical role in mediating transfer effects to untrained tasks after at least some forms of working memory training (such as updating).