Autophagy and Hallmarks of Cancer.
Autophagy and Hallmarks of Cancer.
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DOI：
10.1615/critrevoncog.2018027913
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cheng SY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang T;Song X;Yang Y;Wan X;Alvarez AA;Sastry N;Feng H;Hu B;Cheng SY
自噬是一种分解代谢程序，负责降解功能失调或不必要的蛋白质和细胞器，以维持细胞内环境的稳定。从机制上讲，它涉及形成双膜自噬小体，隔离细胞质物质并将其运送到溶酶体进行降解。最终，这种物质被回收回细胞质。自噬的异常通常会导致人类疾病，如神经变性和癌症。在癌症方面，越来越多的证据表明，自噬在抑制肿瘤和促进肿瘤中扮演着矛盾的角色。在这里，我们总结了自噬在癌症特征中的上下文依赖作用及其复杂的分子机制。此外，我们还讨论了以自噬为靶点的治疗方法如何对抗恶性转化和肿瘤进展。总体而言，本文讨论的研究结果为利用自噬机制的复杂机制和相关小分子调节剂作为潜在的抗肿瘤药物来改善治疗结果提供了新的线索。
Autophagy is a catabolic program that is responsible for the degradation of dysfunctional or unnecessary proteins and organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis. Mechanistically, it involves the formation of double-membrane autophagosomes that sequester cytoplasmic material and deliver it to lysosomes for degradation. Eventually, the material is recycled back to the cytoplasm. Abnormalities of autophagy often lead to human diseases, such as neurodegeneration and cancer. In the case of cancer, increasing evidence has revealed the paradoxical roles of autophagy in both tumor inhibition and tumor promotion. Here, we summarize the context-dependent role of autophagy and its complicated molecular mechanisms in the hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, we discuss how therapeutics targeting autophagy can counter malignant transformation and tumor progression. Overall, the findings of studies discussed here shed new light on exploiting the complicated mechanisms of the autophagic machinery and relevant small-molecule modulators as potential antitumor agents to improve therapeutic outcomes.