Neuroendocrine and behavioral response to social rupture and repair in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders interacting with mother and father
Neuroendocrine and behavioral response to social rupture and repair in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders interacting with mother and father
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DOI：
10.1186/s13229-015-0007-2
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发表时间：
2015-03-06
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Feldman, Ruth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ostfeld-Etzion, Sharon;Golan, Ofer;Feldman, Ruth
背景资料：患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的学龄前儿童在处理社会压力和利用有效的情绪调节（ER）策略来管理高唤醒方面表现出困难。虽然研究人员呼吁评估ASD的ER，但很少有研究使用直接观察。我们测试了儿童的行为和皮质醇的反应，母亲和父亲的不可用性和假设，ASD的儿童将采用不太复杂的ER策略和他们的父母会表现出增加调节促进努力，以适应他们的孩子的difficulties.Methods：40名学龄前儿童ASD与40个典型的发展（TD）学龄前儿童相匹配。在面对面-静止面孔范式中，儿童与母亲或父亲进行两次相同的电池，这是一种三集范式，其中亲子游戏（自由游戏（FP））被消除交流（静止面孔（SF））打断，然后恢复游戏（团聚（RE））。对父母和孩子的社会行为和ER策略进行了微编码。父母和孩子的皮质醇进行了评估，在基线，以下的压力，并在recovery.Results：ASD儿童表现出典型的SF效应，索引的负面影响的增加和减少积极的沟通，但采用更简单的监管行为（自我安慰，接近寻求）和不太复杂的策略，涉及注意力转移和替代发挥。他们的父母使用更多的调节促进行为，简单和复杂的。所有的孩子都表现出对新奇事物的最初皮质醇反应，随着时间的推移而下降。然而，母亲的存在抑制初始皮质醇反应在儿童ASD。结论：ASD的儿童形成典型的期望，父母的可用性和他们的父母增加努力，以帮助修复社会破裂。在ASD儿童中，母亲的存在和调节促进作用以类似于哺乳动物新生儿的方式为儿童的HPA应激反应提供社会缓冲。结果强调了评估ER的重要性，通过结合直接观察和生理措施，包括父亲在经验研究和干预努力，ASD儿童在社会成长的敏感时期。
Background: Preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit difficulties in handling social stress and utilizing efficient emotion regulation (ER) strategies to manage high arousal. While researchers called to assess ER in ASD, few studies utilized direct observations. We tested children's behavioral and cortisol response to maternal and paternal unavailability and hypothesized that children with ASD will employ less complex ER strategies and their parents would show increased regulation facilitation effort to accommodate their child's difficulties.Methods: Forty preschoolers with ASD were matched with 40 typically developing (TD) preschoolers. Children were seen twice for identical battery with mother or father in the face-to-face-still-face paradigm, a three-episode paradigm where parent-child play (free play (FP)) is interrupted by elimination of communication (still face (SF)) followed by resuming play (reunion (RE)). Micro-coding of parent and child's social behavior and ER strategies was conducted. Parent and child's cortisol was assessed at baseline, following stress, and at recovery.Results: Children with ASD exhibited the typical SF effect, indexed by an increase in negative affect and decrease in positive communications, but employed more simple regulatory behavior (self-soothing, proximity-seeking) and less complex strategies involving attention redirection and substitutive play. Their parents used more regulation-facilitation behavior, both simple and complex. All children showed initial cortisol response to novelty, which declined over time. However, maternal presence suppressed initial cortisol response in children with ASD.Conclusions: Children with ASD form typical expectations of parental availability and their parents increase effort to help repair social rupture. Among children with ASD, maternal presence and regulation facilitation provide social buffering for the child's HPA stress response in a manner similar to mammalian neonates. Results highlight the importance of assessing ER by combining direct observations and physiological measures and including fathers in empirical studies and intervention efforts for children with ASD during sensitive periods for social growth.