Trunk and leg kinematics of grounded and aerial running in bipedal macaques
Trunk and leg kinematics of grounded and aerial running in bipedal macaques
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.225532
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Ogihara, Naomichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blickhan, Reinhard;Andrada, Emanuel;Ogihara, Naomichi
在很大的弗劳德速度范围内，非人类灵长类动物，如猕猴，在两足行走时更喜欢使用地面和空中奔跑。两种步态都以质心的弹跳动力学为特征。相比之下，从钟摆到弹跳动力学的不连续变化发生在人体运动中。为了阐明人类和非人类灵长类动物两足步态力学差异背后的机制，我们研究了步态对三只猕猴穿越实验轨道时腿部和躯干关节运动学的影响。运动的协调性与对灵长类动物的观察结果进行了比较。与人类跑步相比，猕猴的腿部收缩不能仅仅通过髋部伸展来产生，而是需要大量的膝关节屈曲来支撑。结果，尽管进行了准弹性全腿手术，猕猴的膝盖只表现出轻微的反弹行为。踝关节伸展类似于人类跑步时观察到的。与人类跑步和独立的步态不同，灵长类动物的躯干扭转是一个相当保守的特征，骨盆轴向旋转增加了步长。在相同的弗劳德速度下，猕猴（柔顺腿）和人类（僵硬腿）在地面跑步时骨盆侧向倾斜取决于步态动力学。与人类跑步者相比，在矢状面胸盆之间的不同协调表明脊柱的不同弯曲模式。非人类灵长类动物对四足运动的形态适应可能会阻止类似人类的腿部操作，并限制了准弹性腿部操作的开发。
Across a wide range of Froude speeds, non-human primates such as macaques prefer to use grounded and aerial running when locomoting bipedally. Both gaits are characterized by bouncing kinetics of the center of mass. In contrast, a discontinuous change from pendular to bouncing kinetics occurs in human locomotion. To clarify the mechanism underlying these differences in bipedal gait mechanics between humans and non-human primates, we investigated the influence of gait on joint kinematics in the legs and trunk of three macaques crossing an experimental track. The coordination of movement was compared with observations available for primates. Compared with human running, macaque leg retraction cannot merely be produced by hip extension, but needs to be supported by substantial knee flexion. As a result, despite quasi-elastic whole-leg operation, the macaque's knee showed only minor rebound behavior. Ankle extension resembled that observed during human running. Unlike human running and independent of gait, torsion of the trunk represents a rather conservative feature in primates, and pelvic axial rotation added to step length. Pelvic lateral lean during grounded running by macaques (compliant leg) and human walking (stiff leg) depends on gait dynamics at the same Froude speed. The different coordination between the thorax and pelvis in the sagittal plane as compared with human runners indicates different bending modes of the spine. Morphological adaptations in non-human primates to quadrupedal locomotion may prevent human-like operation of the leg and limit exploitation of quasi-elastic leg operation despite running dynamics.