Eye movements and the control of actions in everyday life
Eye movements and the control of actions in everyday life
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DOI：
10.1016/j.preteyeres.2006.01.002
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
影响因子：
17.8
通讯作者：
Land, Michael F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Land, Michael F.
自20世纪初以来，人们就开始研究伴随阅读等静态活动的眼球运动模式，但直到20世纪80年代头戴式眼动仪问世后，人们才有可能研究走路、开车、打球和准备食物等日常活动等活动。这篇综述探讨了视觉对组织这些活动的贡献，特别是在执行每个动作时，眼球运动是如何被用来定位运动系统所需的信息的。主要的结论是，眼睛是主动的，通常在每个动作开始前一秒就寻找所需的信息，尽管偶尔会有“向前看”的固定，以确定物体的位置，以备将来使用。目光通常在最后一个动作完成之前就转移了，这表明存在信息缓冲。每一项任务都伴随着一种独特而灵活的眼球运动模式，这种模式在个体之间是相似的。眼睛很少访问与动作无关的对象，并且对象的显著性（根据低级图像统计）比它们在任务中的作用重要得多。凝视控制可能涉及眼睛、头部和躯干的运动，这些运动以一种协调的方式允许运动的灵活性和凝视的稳定性。在学习一项新活动的过程中，眼睛首先提供对运动表现的反馈，但随着这一过程的完善，它们提供前馈方向，寻找下一个要采取行动的对象。(c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
The patterns of eye movement that accompany static activities such as reading have been studied since the early 1900s, but it is only since head-mounted eye trackers became available in the 1980s that it has been possible to study active tasks such as walking, driving, playing ball games and ordinary everyday activities like food preparation. This review examines the ways that vision contributes to the organization of such activities, and in particular how eye movements are used to locate the information needed by the motor system in the execution of each act. Major conclusions are that the eyes are proactive, typically seeking out the information required in the second before each act commences, although occasional 'look ahead' fixations are made to establish the locations of objects for use further into the future. Gaze often moves on before the last act is complete, indicating the presence of an information buffer. Each task has a characteristic but flexible pattern of eye movements that accompanies it, and this pattern is similar between individuals. The eyes rarely visit objects that are irrelevant to the action, and the conspicuity of objects (in terms of low-level image statistics) is much less important than their role in the task. Gaze control may involve movements of eyes, head and trunk, and these are coordinated in a way that allows for both flexibility of movement and stability of gaze. During the learning of a new activity, the eyes first provide feedback on the motor performance, but as this is perfected they provide feed-forward direction, seeking out the next object to be acted upon. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.