Splay fault activity revealed by aftershocks of the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake, central Chile

Splay fault activity revealed by aftershocks of the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake, central Chile
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2010 年智利中部 Mw 8 8 Maule 地震的余震揭示了张开断层活动

DOI:
10.1130/g35848.1
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发表时间:
2010
期刊:
影响因子:
5.8
通讯作者:
Contreras-Reyes
Contreras-Reyes
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lieser;Grevemeyer;Tilmann;Contreras-Reyes

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展布断层,即从板块边界到俯冲带海底的大型逆冲断层,被认为通过将滑动从大逆冲断层的非常浅的倾角转移到更陡的断层上,从而增加海底的垂直位移,从而增加海啸的产生。这些结构主要位于近海,因此很难在地震活动性研究中检测到,因为大多数地震仪站位于岸上。2010年2月27日发生的Mw(矩震级)8.8级地震影响了智利中部边缘1500公里的地区。为了应对这一事件,在主震以北3个月的时间内部署了30个海底地震仪网络,在那里检测到最高的同震滑动率,并结合陆地台站数据,提供陆上和海上覆盖的破裂区的北方部分。测区北方部分的余震地震活动首次揭示了在海底弧前存在一个分辨率良好的地震活动展布断层。应用临界锥理论分析表明,在破裂带的最北部,同震滑动可能沿沿着展布断层而非俯冲逆冲断层传播,而在破裂带的南部,同震滑动可能沿沿着俯冲逆冲断层而非展布断层传播。在模拟滑动分布时,应考虑张开断层在破裂带的某些段而不是其他段中被激活的可能性。
Splay faults, large thrust faults emerging from the plate boundary to the seafloor in subduction zones, are considered to enhance tsunami generation by transferring slip from the very shallow dip of the megathrust onto steeper faults, thus increasing vertical displacement of the seafloor. These structures are predominantly found offshore, and are therefore difficult to detect in seismicity studies, as most seismometer stations are located onshore. The Mw(moment magnitude) 8.8 Maule earthquake on 27 February 2010 affected ∼500 km of the central Chilean margin. In response to this event, a network of 30 ocean-bottom seismometers was deployed for a 3 month period north of the main shock where the highest coseismic slip rates were detected, and combined with land station data providing onshore as well as offshore coverage of the northern part of the rupture area. The aftershock seismicity in the northern part of the survey area reveals, for the first time, a well-resolved seismically active splay fault in the submarine forearc. Application of critical taper theory analysis suggests that in the northernmost part of the rupture zone, coseismic slip likely propagated along the splay fault and not the subduction thrust fault, while in the southern part it propagated along the subduction thrust fault and not the splay fault. The possibility of splay faults being activated in some segments of the rupture zone but not others should be considered when modeling slip distributions.
利用广角地震数据揭示 2010 年智利马乌莱地震(Mw = 8.8)的深层结构和破裂面
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发表时间: 2011
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发表时间: 2011
期刊: Andean Geology
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