Genomic basis of fishing-associated selection varies with population density.
Genomic basis of fishing-associated selection varies with population density.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2020833118
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发表时间：
2021-12-21
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Killen SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crespel A;Schneider K;Miller T;Rácz A;Jacobs A;Lindström J;Elmer KR;Killen SS
与渔业相关的选择被认为是当代自然种群进化的最强大的潜在人类驱动因素之一。这项研究的结果表明，虽然模拟商业捕鱼技术始终去除具有与生长、新陈代谢和社会行为相关特征的鱼类，但捕鱼选择的特定基因根据目标种群的密度而有所不同。这一发现表明，不同大小的不同鱼类种群对基因水平上的捕捞选择的反应不同。此外，随着时间的推移，种群被捕捞，选择的基因可能会随着种群的减少而改变。这可能会对人口的复原力产生影响。这项研究强调了选择的重要性以及环境和密度对收获鱼类种群的影响。渔业对自然种群造成最强烈的人为选择压力之一，但渔业的遗传效应仍不清楚。至关重要的是，我们缺乏关于捕捞相关选择及其与捕捞引起的人口密度减少的相互作用如何可能改变正在选择的基因的知识。使用以两种密度饲养并通过模拟拖网重复捕捞的实验鱼，我们在生长、新陈代谢和社会行为方面表现出一致的表型选择，而与密度无关。然而，选择的特定基因——主要与大脑功能和神经发生有关——随着人口密度的不同而变化。直接捕捞选择和密度之间的相互作用可能从根本上改变基因组对收获的反应。因此，捕捞的进化后果可能取决于环境，并可能随着被剥削人口的减少而变化。这些结果凸显了在预测人类引起的选择和进化的影响时需要考虑环境因素。
Fisheries-associated selection is recognized as one of the strongest potential human drivers of contemporary evolution in natural populations. The results of this study show that while simulated commercial fishing techniques consistently remove fish with traits associated with growth, metabolism, and social behavior, the specific genes under fishing selection differ depending on the density of the targeted population. This finding suggests that different fish populations of varying sizes will respond differently to fishing selection at the genetic level. Furthermore, as a population is fished over time, the genes under selection may change as the population diminishes. This could have repercussions on population resilience. This study highlights the importance of selection but also environmental and density effects on harvested fish populations. Fisheries induce one of the strongest anthropogenic selective pressures on natural populations, but the genetic effects of fishing remain unclear. Crucially, we lack knowledge of how capture-associated selection and its interaction with reductions in population density caused by fishing can potentially shift which genes are under selection. Using experimental fish reared at two densities and repeatedly harvested by simulated trawling, we show consistent phenotypic selection on growth, metabolism, and social behavior regardless of density. However, the specific genes under selection—mainly related to brain function and neurogenesis—varied with the population density. This interaction between direct fishing selection and density could fundamentally alter the genomic responses to harvest. The evolutionary consequences of fishing are therefore likely context dependent, possibly varying as exploited populations decline. These results highlight the need to consider environmental factors when predicting effects of human-induced selection and evolution.