Endocrine disruptors and breast cancer
Endocrine disruptors and breast cancer
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DOI：
10.2533/chimia.2008.406
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Brisken, Cathrin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brisken, Cathrin
在瑞士，每八个妇女中就有一个患有乳腺癌。在过去的70年里，乳腺癌发病率的增加与我们环境中人造的持久性化学物质的大量增加是同步的；其中一些在野生动物和/或动物模型中具有内分泌干扰特性。流行病学证据有力地表明，女性患乳腺癌的风险与她的生殖史以及她的荷尔蒙环境的变化有关。外源性激素也被证明会增加患乳腺癌的风险，然而，暴露于内分泌干扰物与人类疾病之间的因果关系很难确定，因为许多这些化合物无处不在，而且不存在未暴露的对照。合成雌激素己烯雌酚（DES），孕妇服用了30年，被禁止使用，因为它与她们女儿的阴道癌有关。现在的研究表明，不仅服用这种药物的女性本身患乳腺癌的风险增加，她们的女儿在子宫内也会接触到这种药物。这表明，乳腺癌的风险不仅会受到成人内分泌紊乱的影响，而且还会受到子宫内内分泌紊乱的影响。来自动物模型的证据越来越多地表明，围产期接触与环境有关的低剂量双酚a （BPA）会改变乳房发育并增加患乳腺癌的风险。鉴于内分泌干扰剂的普遍存在，它们值得我们关注。
Breast cancer strikes one out of eight women in Switzerland. The increase in breast cancer incidence over the past 70 years parallels an enormous increase of man-made, persistent chemicals in our environment; some of which have endocrine-disrupting properties in wildlife and/or in animal models. Epidemiological evidence is strong that a woman's risk to get breast cancer is linked to her reproductive history and with that to the changes in her hormonal milieu. Exogenous hormones have also been shown to increase breast cancer risk, however, a causative link between exposure to endocrine disruptors and human disease is difficult establish as many of these compounds are ubiquitous and no unexposed controls exist. The synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), that was given to pregnant women for three decades, was banned because it was linked to a vaginal carcinoma in their daughters. It has now been shown that not only women who have taken the drug themselves have increased breast cancer risk but also their daughters who were exposed in utero. This indicates that breast cancer risk can be affected by endocrine disruption not only in the adult but already in utero. Evidence from animal models is accumulating that perinatal exposure to environmentally relevant, low doses of a related compound, bisphenol A (BPA), alters breast development and increases breast cancer risk. Given the prevalence of endocrine-disrupting agents they deserve our attention.