Advances in the genetics of reproductive isolation in Drosophila.
Advances in the genetics of reproductive isolation in Drosophila.
复制标题
果蝇生殖隔离遗传学的进展。
作者：
E. Zouros
物种形成遗传学被定义为对遗传事件和过程的研究，这些事件和过程区分群体个体成员的遗传物质在未来一代个体中共同出现的概率。由此可见，有助于这种概率差异的表型属性（例如，某些交配类型的个体的交配偏好、不育或不育）构成了物种形成的表型，并且可能影响这些表型属性的遗传位点可以被视为物种形成基因。综述了果蝇可杂交物种之间遗传差异的文献，这些差异导致了形态差异、交配偏好、杂交不存活性和杂交不育性，特别是对 D. mojavensis - D. arizonensis 物种对。简要讨论了啮齿动物物种形成中核型变化的参与情况。结论是，自 40 年前 Dobzhansky 开创果蝇物种形成遗传学领域以来，该领域尚未取得重大进展。然而，鉴定导致杂交不育或不育的几个基因位点可能为在分子水平上理解生殖隔离开辟道路。目前尚不清楚这种方法是否会导致物种形成过程背后的一般分子机制。
Speciation genetics is defined as the study of genetic events and processes that differentiate the probabilities that genetic material from individual members of a population will co-occur in individuals of some future generation. It follows that phenotypic attributes that contribute to this differentiation of probabilities (e.g., mating preferences, sterility, or infertility of individuals from certain types of matings) constitute the phenotype of speciation, and genetic loci that may affect these phenotypic attributes can be considered as speciation genes. The literature on genetic differences between hybridizable species of Drosophila that are responsible for morphological differences, mating preferences, hybrid inviability, and hybrid sterility are reviewed with special reference to the species pair D. mojavensis - D. arizonensis. The case for the involvement of karyotypic changes in speciation in rodents is briefly discussed. It is concluded that no major advance has been made in the speciation genetics of Drosophila since Dobzhansky initiated the field 40 years ago. Yet, the identification of several gene loci that cause hybrid inviability or sterility may open the way to the understanding of reproductive isolation at the molecular level. It is not clear whether this approach will lead to general molecular mechanisms underlying the speciation process.