Inclusiveness, effectiveness and intrusiveness: issues in the developing uses of DNA profiling in support of criminal investigations.
Inclusiveness, effectiveness and intrusiveness: issues in the developing uses of DNA profiling in support of criminal investigations.
复制标题
包容性、有效性和侵入性：开发 DNA 分析用于支持刑事调查的问题。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1748-720x.2005.tb00517.x
复制
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Johnson,Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williams,Robin;Johnson,Paul
目前的法医DNA分析方法（也称为DNA指纹和DNA分型），基于聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增在人类基因组上不同位置发现的不同数量的短串联重复序列（STR）基因座，通常被描述为构成当代社会的“黄金标准”。当欧洲和北美的刑事司法系统越来越多地寻求利用各种科学的认识权威来支持逮捕和起诉嫌疑人和罪犯时，遗传科学和重组DNA技术往往被挑选出来特别认可。事实上，DNA分析的发展和应用被广泛描述为“自指纹鉴定以来法医科学的最大突破”。在20世纪90年代实施基于PCR的提取和扩增方法之前，DNA指纹（基于多位点探针和单位点探针）的最初使用主要限于反应性法医案例工作。
Current methods of forensic DNA profiling (known also as DNA fingerprinting and DNA typing), based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplifications of a varying number of Short Tandem Repeat (STR) loci found at different locations on the human genome, are regularly described as constituting the “gold standard for identification” in contemporary society. At a time when criminal justice systems in Europe and North America increasingly seek to utilise the epistemic authority of a variety of sciences in support of the apprehension and prosecution of suspects and offenders, genetic science and recombinant DNA technology are often singled out for particular approbation. Indeed, the development and application of DNA profiling has been widely described as the “greatest breakthrough in forensic science since fingerprinting.”Prior to the implementation of PCR based extraction and amplification methods in the 1990's, the initial uses of DNA fingerprinting (based on Multiple and Single Locus Probes) were largely confined to reactive forensic casework.