Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility .1. Theory and methodology
Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility .1. Theory and methodology
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01843.x
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发表时间：
1996-12-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
LeBissonnais, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LeBissonnais, Y
耕作土壤的结皮和侵蚀是由于团聚体的破裂和雨水使土壤碎片脱落造成的，土壤对这些过程的敏感性通常是从团聚体稳定性的测量中推断出来的。在这里，骨料破碎的理论进行了审查和四个主要机制（即熟化，破裂的差异溶胀，雨滴冲击和物理化学分散的机械故障）的定义。它们的相对重要性取决于雨水的性质以及土壤的物理和化学性质。分析了骨料破碎、结皮和水蚀之间的关系，并对现有的骨料稳定性评价方法进行了评述。提出了一个统一的框架来衡量团聚体的稳定性，以评估土壤的结壳和侵蚀的敏感性。它结合了具有不同润湿条件和能量的三种处理（快速润湿、缓慢润湿和预润湿后搅拌），并测量每次处理后所得的碎片尺寸分布。它的目的是比较不同的土壤，或给定土壤的不同气候条件，而不是比较该土壤随时间的变化。
Crusting and erosion of cultivated soils result from aggregate breakdown and the detachment of soil fragments by rain, and the susceptibility of soil to these processes is often inferred from measurements of aggregate stability. Here, theories of aggregate breakdown are reviewed and four main mechanisms (i.e. slaking, breakdown by differential swelling, mechanical breakdown by raindrop impact and physico-chemical dispersion) are defined. Their relative importance depends on the nature of the rain, as well as on the soil's physical and chemical properties. The relations between aggregate breakdown, crusting and water erosion are analysed, and existing methods for the assessment of aggregate stability are reviewed. A unified framework for the measurement of aggregate stability is proposed to assess a soil's susceptibility to crusting and erosion. It combines three treatments having various wetting conditions and energies (fast wetting, slow wetting, and stirring after pre-wetting) and measures the resulting fragment size distribution after each treatment. It is designed to compare different soils, or different climatic conditions for a given soil, not to compare time-dependent changes in that soil.