Biologically active compounds from marine organisms
Biologically active compounds from marine organisms
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DOI：
10.1002/ptr.982
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发表时间：
2001-03-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Blunden, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blunden, G
在过去的30到40年里，从海洋生物中分离出了许多新的化合物，其中许多化合物已被报道具有生物活性，其中一些从潜在药物开发的角度来看是令人感兴趣的。另一方面，其中一些化合物对人体健康构成潜在风险。后一类是麻痹性、腹泻性和失忆性贝类毒素。海水中不时会出现大量的鞭毛藻，由于它们的色素沉着，使海水呈锈棕色到红色。这种现象被称为“赤潮”。有些鞭毛藻种类会产生毒素，当滤食性动物（如贝类）食用鞭毛藻时，毒素会集中在它们的肉中。反过来，当人类食用贝类时，可能会产生严重的毒性作用。这种毒素被称为麻痹性或腹泻性贝类毒素。前者可以证明是致命的，而后者虽然产生非常不愉快的影响，却不是致命的。最著名的麻痹性贝类毒素是蛤蚌毒素（图1），尽管也报道了其他相关化合物，如新蛤蚌毒素、蛤蚌毒素和新蛤蚌毒素的11-a和11-b- o硫酸盐，以及蛤蚌毒素和新蛤蚌毒素的羰基- n -硫酸盐衍生物（Faulkner, 1986）。这些化合物是由某些种类的亚历山大属和裸子属植物产生的。短链盘虱产生另一类麻痹性贝类毒素，称为短链毒素，其中最有效的是短链毒素A（图1）。在腹泻性贝类毒素中，最著名的是甲藻毒素，例如甲藻毒素1（图1）
During the past 30 to 40 years, numerous novel compounds have been isolated from marine organisms and many of these have been reported to have biological activities, some of which are of interest from the point of view of potential drug development. On the other hand, some of the compounds pose potential risks to human health. In this latter category are the paralytic, diarrhetic and amnesic shellfish toxins. From time to time, large concentrations of dinoflagellates occur in the sea, which because of their pigmentation, give the water a rusty-brown to red colouration. Such phenomena are known as ‘red tides’. Some of the dinoflagellate species produce toxins, which concentrate in the flesh of filter feeders, such as shellfish, when they consume the dinoflagellates. In turn, when the shellfish are eaten by humans, severe toxic effects can result. The toxins are referred to as either paralytic or diarrhetic shellfish poisons. The former can prove fatal, but the latter, although producing very unpleasant effects, are not fatal.The most well-known paralytic shellfish toxin is saxitoxin (Fig. 1), although other related compounds have been reported, such as neosaxitoxin, the 11-a and 11-b-O-sulphates of saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin, and carbonyl-N-sulphate derivatives of saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin (Faulkner, 1986). These compounds are produced from certain species of Alexandrium and Gymnodinium. Ptychodiscus brevis produces another class of paralytic shellfish toxins known as brevetoxins, the most potent of which is brevetoxin A (Fig. 1). Of the diarrhetic shellfish toxins, the best known are the dinophysistoxins, for example dinophysistoxin 1 (Fig. 1), which are produced