Changing population mobility in West Africa: Fulbe pastoralists in Central and South Mali
Changing population mobility in West Africa: Fulbe pastoralists in Central and South Mali
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DOI：
10.1093/afraf/adg005
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发表时间：
2003-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
van Dijk, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Bruijn, M;van Dijk, H
流动性是萨赫勒地区居民应对气候逆境的最重要的反应。这种以不稳定的气候环境、不规则的降雨模式和干旱时期为特征的“萨赫勒状况”对人们的生计决策过程产生了重要影响。人口流动研究主要集中于劳动力向城市地区的流动。尽管流动性是萨赫勒人民的全部技能的一部分，但其形式在社会群体和个人之间以及随着时间的推移而存在很大差异。在本文中，我们重点关注萨赫勒地区一个被忽视且几乎看不见的农村移民群体，更具体地说是富尔贝牧民及其过去三十年在西非萨赫勒和苏丹地区的发展以及他们所处的经济和社会条件。报告的结论是，这些乡村间的移民深深植根于西非的文化模式中，处理东道主和陌生人的特定机构就是例证。然而，流动往往不是一个有计划的过程，各种生存策略都以非常灵活的方式使用。这种现象产生了文化动态的特定特征以及为相关人员定义身份的方式。
Mobility is the most important response by the inhabitants of the Sahel to climatic adversity. This 'condition sahelienne', characterized by unstable climatic circumstances, irregular rainfall patterns and periods of drought, has an important influence on people's decision-making processes regarding their livelihood. Migration studies mainly focus on labour migration to urban areas. Although mobility is part of the repertoire of Sahelian people, the form it takes varies considerably between social groups and individuals, and over time. In this article we focus on a neglected and almost invisible category of rural-rural migrants in the Sahel, more specifically on Fulbe pastoral people and their developments over the last three decades in the Sahel and the Sudan zone of West Africa and the economic and social conditions in which they find themselves. It concludes that these rural-rural migrations are deeply engrained in cultural patterns in West Africa, exemplified by specific institutions for dealing with hosts and strangers. However, mobility is often not a planned process, and all kinds of survival strategies are used in a very flexible manner. The phenomenon has given rise to a specific character of cultural dynamics and ways of defining identity for the people involved.