Prefrontal cortex activity induced by periodontal afferent inputs downregulates occlusal force
Prefrontal cortex activity induced by periodontal afferent inputs downregulates occlusal force
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DOI：
10.1007/s00221-019-05630-y
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Ichikawa, Tetsuo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kishimoto, Takahiro;Goto, Takaharu;Ichikawa, Tetsuo
前额叶皮层（PFC）在许多认知功能中起着重要作用，如计划、决策和社会行为。我们之前报道过，在维持咬合（咬）力的运动任务中，牙周感觉输入显著增加PFC活动。然而，牙周感觉、PFC活动和运动任务表现之间的关系尚未得到详细的评估。因此，我们利用功能性近红外光谱，通过监测在四种不同咬合任务中产生的咬合力变化所对应的PFC特定区域的脑血流量（CBF）变化来研究PFC的活性：(1)与中切牙咬合，咬合间距为5 mm (BI-5 mm)；或(2)10mm (bi - 10mm)；(3)第一磨牙的咬合距离为5mm (bm - 5mm)，或(4)10 mm （BM-10 mm）。磨牙的咬合使PFC区域CBF随着咬合距离的减小而增加（BM-10 mm vs BM-5 mm）。当比较5 mm和10 mm肋间距离（BI-5 mm vs BI-10 mm）时，门牙咬合时CBF无显著差异。BM-5 mm咬合产生的平均咬合力明显低于BM-10 mm咬合产生的平均咬合力。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，PFC减少了向运动单元发出的传出信号，以减少牙周感觉时产生的咬合力，牙周感觉在牙间距离缩短时更大，这是在没有颞下颌关节和肌肉纺锤体感觉时维持咬合力的主要原因。
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role in several cognitive functions, such as planning, decision making, and social behavior. We previously reported that periodontal sensory input significantly increases PFC activity during the motor task of maintaining occlusal (biting) force. However, the relationships between periodontal sensation, PFC activity, and the performance of motor tasks have not been evaluated in detail. Therefore, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, we investigated PFC activity by monitoring changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) to specific areas of the PFC that corresponded to changes in occlusal force generated during four different biting tasks: (1) occlusion with the central incisor with an interocclusal distance of 5 mm (BI-5 mm); or (2) 10 mm (BI-10 mm); (3) occlusion with the first molars with an interocclusal distance of 5 mm (BM-5 mm), or (4) 10 mm (BM-10 mm). Occlusion of molars generated increased PFC regional CBF as the interocclusal distance decreased (BM-10 mm vs BM-5 mm). No significant differences in CBF during occlusion of incisors were found when comparing 5 mm and 10 mm intercostal distances (BI-5 mm vs BI-10 mm). The mean occlusal force generated by BM-5 mm occlusion was significantly lower than that generated by BM-10 mm occlusion. Taken together, our results suggest that the PFC decreases efferent signaling to motor units, to reduce occlusal force generated when periodontal sensation, which is greater when the interocclusal distance is reduced, is primarily responsible for maintaining occlusal force in the absence of sensations from the temporomandibular joint and muscle spindles.