Melanic through nature or nurture: genetic polymorphism and phenotypic plasticity in Harmonia axyridis
Melanic through nature or nurture: genetic polymorphism and phenotypic plasticity in Harmonia axyridis
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02043.x
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Jiggins, F. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Michie, L. J.;Mallard, F.;Jiggins, F. M.
个体可以通过局部适应或表型可塑性来适应环境的异质性。异色瓢虫的颜色形式是当地适应的典型例子，其中黑色素形式的频率在不同种群之间差异很大。在某些人群中，等位基因频率也存在较大的季节性变化，黑化病在夏季代价高昂，而在冬季有益。我们报告说，异色异色瓢虫的非黑色变体在低温下显着增加了其黑色化程度。此外，反应规范存在遗传差异，不同的家族对温度的反应方式也不同。不同空间和时间尺度的变异似乎选择了遗传或表型可塑性适应，这对于体温调节可能很重要。由于已知黑化现象对异色异色瓢虫的健康有很大影响，这种黑化的可塑性可能加速了其作为入侵物种的传播。
Individuals can adapt to heterogeneity in their environment through either local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity. Colour forms of the ladybird Harmonia axyridis are a classic example of local adaptation, in which the frequency of melanic forms varies greatly between populations. In some populations, there are also large seasonal changes in allele frequency, with melanism being costly in summer and beneficial in winter. We report that the non-melanic morph of H. axyridis dramatically increases its degree of melanization at cold temperatures. Furthermore, there is genetic variation in reaction norms, with different families responding to temperature in different ways. Variation at different spatial and temporal scales appears to have selected for either genetic or phenotypically plastic adaptations, which may be important in thermoregulation. As melanism is known to have a large effect on fitness in H. axyridis, this plasticity of melanization may have hastened its spread as an invasive species.