Multivariate analysis of variations in intrinsic foot musculature among hominoids
Multivariate analysis of variations in intrinsic foot musculature among hominoids
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DOI：
10.1111/joa.12780
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发表时间：
2018-05-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Ichihara, Nobutsune
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Oishi, Motoharu;Ogihara, Naomichi;Ichihara, Nobutsune
对现存类人猿的足部肌肉结构进行比较分析，对于理解人类足部的进化以及人类惯常的两足行走具有重要意义。然而，据我们所知，以前没有关于类人猿内在足部肌肉尺寸的定量比较的报道。在本研究中，我们用多变量分析的方法定量比较了人猿足的肌肉尺寸。5只黑猩猩、1只倭黑猩猩、2只大猩猩和6只红毛猩猩的足部肌肉质量和生理截面积（PCSA）是通过我们自己的解剖获得的，而人类的足部肌肉质量和生理截面积（PCSA）则取自已发表的论文。肌肉质量和PCSA分别除以全足内肌总质量和总PCSA归一化。基于主成分分析，对人类和现存类人猿肌肉结构的差异进行了量化。我们的研究结果表明，猩猩的肌肉结构是最独特的，具有较大的第一背骨间肌和较小的短幻觉外展肌。另一方面，人们发现大猩猩的独特之处在于拥有更大的指外展肌。人类与现存的类人猿的区别在于更大的植方肌。黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩似乎有着非常相似的肌肉结构，它们的位置介于人类和猩猩之间。人类和类人猿内在足部肌肉结构的这些差异（或相似之处）很好地对应了系统发育、位置行为和运动方面的差异。
Comparative analysis of the foot muscle architecture among extant great apes is important for understanding the evolution of the human foot and, hence, human habitual bipedal walking. However, to our knowledge, there is no previous report of a quantitative comparison of hominoid intrinsic foot muscle dimensions. In the present study, we quantitatively compared muscle dimensions of the hominoid foot by means of multivariate analysis. The foot muscle mass and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) of five chimpanzees, one bonobo, two gorillas, and six orangutans were obtained by our own dissections, and those of humans were taken from published accounts. The muscle mass and PCSA were respectively divided by the total mass and total PCSA of the intrinsic muscles of the entire foot for normalization. Variations in muscle architecture among human and extant great apes were quantified based on principal component analysis. Our results demonstrated that the muscle architecture of the orangutan was the most distinctive, having a larger first dorsal interosseous muscle and smaller abductor hallucis brevis muscle. On the other hand, the gorilla was found to be unique in having a larger abductor digiti minimi muscle. Humans were distinguished from extant great apes by a larger quadratus plantae muscle. The chimpanzee and the bonobo appeared to have very similar muscle architecture, with an intermediate position between the human and the orangutan. These differences (or similarities) in architecture of the intrinsic foot muscles among humans and great apes correspond well to the differences in phylogeny, positional behavior, and locomotion.