Pulmonary biochemical and histological alterations after repeated low-level blast overpressure exposures
Pulmonary biochemical and histological alterations after repeated low-level blast overpressure exposures
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DOI：
10.1093/toxsci/kfl138
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Gorbunov, Nikolai V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elsayed, Nabil M.;Gorbunov, Nikolai V.
爆炸超压（BOP），又称高能脉冲噪声，是爆炸和武器发射的一种破坏性结果。单独暴露于BOP冲击波会导致主要对中空器官系统（如听觉、呼吸和胃肠系统）的损伤。近年来，由于涉及军人和平民的恐怖主义爆炸和武装冲突大幅增加，国际收支的危害一度仅限于军事和专业环境，现已成为一个全球性的社会问题。我们以前研究过不同峰值压力下单次BOP暴露的影响。在这项研究中，我们研究了重复暴露于低水平BOP的影响，以及暴露次数或暴露后的时间是否会改变损伤结果。我们将深度麻醉的大鼠暴露于峰值压力为62 +/-2 kPa的模拟BOP。在一次暴露（1 + 0）后立即检查肺，或在一次（1 + 1）、两次（2 + 1）或三次（3 + 1）连续暴露后1 h以3 min间隔检查肺。在一组动物中，我们研究了重复暴露对肺重量、高铁血红蛋白、转铁蛋白、抗氧化剂和脂质过氧化的影响。在第二组中，将肺固定在25 cm水中，在1 - 3次重复暴露后或1、6和24 h暴露后进行切片和组织学检查。我们发现，单次BOP暴露1小时后会引起显着的变化，重复BOP暴露并没有显着增加第一个的效果。然而，从1到24 h，作用显著增加。这些观察结果具有生物学和职业学意义，并强调需要保护免受低水平BOP的影响，并在BOP暴露后的第一个小时内进行及时治疗。
Blast overpressure (BOP), also known as high anergy impulse noise, is a damaging outcome of explosive detonations and firing of weapons. Exposure to BOP shock waves alone results in injury predominantly to the hollow organ systems such as auditory, respitory, and gastrointestinal systems. In recent years, the hazards of BOP that once were confined to military and professional settings have become a global societal problem as terrorist bombings and armed conflicts involving both military and civilian populations increased significantly. We have previously investigated the effects of single BOP exposures at different peak pressures. In this study, we examined the effects of repeated exposure to a low-level BOP and whether the number of exposures or time after exposure would alter the injury outcome. We exposed deeply anesthetized rats to simulated BOP at 62 +/- 2 kPa peak pressure. The lungs were examined immediately after one exposure (1+0), or 1 h after one (1+1), two (2+1), or three (3+1) consecutive exposures at 3-min intervel. In one group of animals, we examined the effects of repeated exposure on lung weight, methemoglobin, transferrin, antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation. In a second group, the lungs were fixed inflated at 25 cm water, sectioned, and examined histologically after one to three repeated exposures, or after one exposure at 1, 6, and 24 h. We found that single BOP exposure causes notable changes after 1 h, and that repeating BOP exposure did not add markedly to the effect of the first one. However, the effects increased significantly with time from 1 to 24 h. These observations have biological and occupational implications, and emphasize the need for protection from low-level BOP, and for prompt treatment within the first hour following BOP exposure.