Structural Identity of Galactooligosaccharide Molecules Selectively Utilized by Single Cultures of Probiotic Bacterial Strains
Structural Identity of Galactooligosaccharide Molecules Selectively Utilized by Single Cultures of Probiotic Bacterial Strains
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05968
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发表时间：
2019-12-18
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Dijkhuizen, Lubbert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Boger, Markus;van Leeuwen, Sander S.;Dijkhuizen, Lubbert
各种β-半乳糖苷酶催化乳糖的转糖基化反应。由此产生的低聚半乳糖 (GOS) 混合物广泛用于婴儿营养，以刺激有益肠道细菌的生长。 GOS 主要由聚合度 (DP) 为 2-8 且具有不同糖苷键的化合物组成。近年来，我们根据DP和各个化合物的结构特性详细阐明了几种商业GOS混合物的组成。在这项工作中，使用纯化以去除乳糖和单糖 (pGOS) 的 Vivinal GOS 衍生样品，将属于 11 个不同物种的 13 种（单一）肠道细菌益生菌菌株培养至稳定期。相对于含有葡萄糖的阳性对照，益生菌菌株的生长在 OD600nm 的 30% 至 100% 之间变化很大。通过鉴定生长后保留的 pGOS 混合物的成分，我们发现菌株对特定 GOS 化合物的消耗量有所不同。所有菌株常用大部分GOS DP2库。唾液乳杆菌 W57 还利用 DP3 支链化合物 β-D-Galp-(1 -> 4)-[β-D-Galp-(1 -> 2)]-D-G1c。双歧杆菌菌株倾向于使用比乳酸杆菌更高DP和分支的GOS；短双歧杆菌 DSM 20091、嗜酸乳杆菌 W37 和婴儿双歧杆菌 DSM 20088 在 pGOS 中鉴定的 40 种不同结构中分别使用了 38、36 和 35 种化合物，表现出色。我们将这些细菌 GOS 消耗概况与其基因组信息相关联，并能够将代谢活动与基因组编码转运蛋白和碳水化合物活性酶的存在联系起来。这些详细的见解可能支持将益生菌菌株与专门刺激其生长的 GOS 化合物配对的合生元组合的设计。此类合生元组合可能在食品/饲料和/或制药/医学应用中令人感兴趣。
Various beta-galactosidase enzymes catalyze the trans-glycosylation reaction with lactose. The resulting galactooligosaccharide (GOS) mixtures are widely used in infant nutrition to stimulate growth of beneficial gut bacteria. GOS consists mainly of compounds with a degree of polymerization (DP) varying from 2-8 and with diverse glycosidic linkages. In recent years, we have elucidated in detail the composition of several commercial GOS mixtures in terms of DP and the structural identity of the individual compounds. In this work, 13 (single) probiotic strains of gut bacteria, belonging to 11 different species, were grown to stationary phase with a Vivinal GOS-derived sample purified to remove lactose and monosaccharides (pGOS). Growth among the probiotic strains varied strongly between 30 and 100% of OD600nm relative to positive controls with glucose. By identifying the components of the pGOS mixture that remain after growth, we showed that strains varied in their consumption of specific GOS compounds. All strains commonly used most of the GOS DP2 pool. Lactobacillus salivarius W57 also utilized the DP3 branched compound beta-D-Galp-(1 -> 4)-[beta-D-Galp-(1 -> 2)]-D-G1c. Bifidobacterial strains tended to use GOS with higher DP and branching than lactobacilli; Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20091, Lactobacillus acidophilus W37, and Bifidobacterium infantis DSM 20088 were exceptional in using 38, 36, and 35 compounds, respectively, out of the 40 different structures identified in pGOS. We correlated these bacterial GOS consumption profiles with their genomic information and were able to relate metabolic activity with the presence of genome-encoded transporters and carbohydrate-active enzymes. These detailed insights may support the design of synbiotic combinations pairing probiotic bacterial strains with GOS compounds that specifically stimulate their growth. Such synbiotic combinations may be of interest in food/feed and/or pharmacy/medicine applications.