Climate Statistics in Global Simulations of the Atmosphere, from 80 to 2.5 km Grid Spacing
Climate Statistics in Global Simulations of the Atmosphere, from 80 to 2.5 km Grid Spacing
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全球大气模拟中的气候统计，网格间距从 80 公里到 2.5 公里
DOI：
10.2151/jmsj.2020-005
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
B. Stevens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Hohenegger;L. Kornblueh;D. Klocke;T. Becker;G. Cioni;J. F. Engels;Uwe Schulzweida;B. Stevens
基本的气候统计数据，如水和能量收支，热带辐合带（ITCZ）的位置和宽度，三峰热带云分布，极地急流的位置，以及陆地和海洋的对比度，仍然存在偏差，在粗分辨率的大气环流模式或调整。在这里，我们研究的水平分辨率的依赖性，这样的统计数据在一组全球对流允许模拟集成的ICOsahedral非流体静力学（ICON）模型，显式对流，网格间距从80公里到2.5公里。通过将分辨率引起的差异与八个不同的全球风暴分辨率模型集合中获得的传播进行比较，可以量化分辨率的影响。使用这个度量，我们发现，至少5公里，分辨率引起的差异变得小于27个调查统计中的26个。即使对于这些统计数据中的九（18）项，80（10）km的网格间距也不会导致显著差异。分辨率下降到5公里的问题，特别是净短波辐射，这系统地增加与分辨率，因为减少在低云量在亚热带海洋。进一步的分辨率依赖关系可以在陆地-海洋降水比、太平洋ITCZ的纬度位置和宽度以及大西洋ITCZ的经度位置中找到。此外，在热带地区，深对流云的数量以浅对流云的数量为代价而系统地增加，而浓对流云的分布保持相当恒定。最后，细化网格间距系统地移动模拟更接近观测，但气候统计表现出较弱的分辨率依赖性不一定与较小的偏差。通讯作者：Cathy Hohenegger，马克斯·普朗克气象研究所，Bundesstrasse 53，20146 Hamburg，德国E-mail：cathy. mpimet.mpg.de J-stage Advance Published Date：10 November 2019 Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan Vol. 98，No. 1 74
Basic climate statistics, such as water and energy budgets, location and width of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), trimodal tropical cloud distribution, position of the polar jet, and land sea contrast, remain either biased in coarse-resolution general circulation models or are tuned. Here, we examine the horizontal resolution dependency of such statistics in a set of global convection-permitting simulations integrated with the ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic (ICON) model, explicit convection, and grid spacings ranging from 80 km down to 2.5 km. The impact of resolution is quantified by comparing the resolution-induced differences to the spread obtained in an ensemble of eight distinct global storm-resolving models. Using this metric, we find that, at least by 5 km, the resolution-induced differences become smaller than the spread in 26 out of the 27 investigated statistics. Even for nine (18) of these statistics, a grid spacing of 80 (10) km does not lead to significant differences. Resolution down to 5 km matters especially for net shortwave radiation, which systematically increases with the resolution because of reductions in the low cloud amount over the subtropical oceans. Further resolution dependencies can be found in the land-to-ocean precipitation ratio, in the latitudinal position and width of the Pacific ITCZ, and in the longitudinal position of the Atlantic ITCZ. In addition, in the tropics, the deep convective cloud population systematically increases at the expense of the shallow one, whereas the partition of congestus clouds remains fairly constant. Finally, refining the grid spacing systematically moves the simulations closer to observations, but climate statistics exhibiting weaker resolution dependencies are not necessarily associated with smaller biases. Corresponding author: Cathy Hohenegger, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany E-mail: cathy.hohenegger@mpimet.mpg.de J-stage Advance Published Date: 10 November 2019 Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan Vol. 98, No. 1 74
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Chan, Steven C.;Kendon, Elizabeth J.;Stephenson, David B.
通讯作者：
Stephenson, David B.
参数化对流对全球大气气候模型中气候降水的影响
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Maher P
通讯作者：
Maher P