Infant stepping: a window to the behaviour of the human pattern generator for walking.
Infant stepping: a window to the behaviour of the human pattern generator for walking.
复制标题
婴儿迈步：了解人类步行模式生成器行为的窗口。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Elizabeth Seinen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jaynie F. Yang;T. Lam;M. Pang;Erin V Lamont;K. Musselman;Elizabeth Seinen
本文的目的是提供证据，无论是已发表的和新的，以支持这一概念，即人类婴儿是特别好的主题的模式发生器的研究行走。我们和其他人已经证明，踏步可以由来自腿部的感觉输入或婴儿的普遍兴奋性提高而启动。新的研究结果表明，通过脚和腿的快速延伸的重量支持是重要的本体感受输入启动步进。我们以前的工作表明，婴儿可以在跑步机上以许多不同的速度行走。步周期的持续时间随着速度的增加而缩短，变化主要来自站立阶段，就像大多数其他陆生动物一样。此外，我们已经证明，婴儿会向各个方向迈步。无论步行的方向如何，步行周期都以相同的方式随着步行速度而变化，这表明控制不同步行方向的电路共享共同的元素。我们还发现，婴儿学步是高度有组织的。感觉输入，无论是本体感受还是触摸，都是以功能性方式门控的，因此只有重要的感觉输入才会产生反应。例如，触摸脚的侧面仅在侧向行走时并且仅在主要肢体中产生响应。这里提出的新数据表明，来自每个肢体的模式发生器可以在某种程度上独立操作。在两条带以不同速度或不同方向运行的分裂带跑步机上，腿表现出相当大的行为独立性。然而，每一侧的模式发生器相互作用，以确保摆动阶段不会同时发生。这些研究为人类行走模式发生器的组织提供了深入了解。这将是有趣的，在未来的研究如何成熟的下行束改变行走行为，允许独立的双足行走。
The aim of this paper is to provide evidence, both published and new, to support the notion that human infants are particularly good subjects for the study of the pattern generator for walking. We and others have shown that stepping can be initiated by sensory input from the legs or by general heightened excitability of the infant. New results are presented here to suggest that weight support through the feet and rapid extension of the legs are important proprioceptive inputs to initiate stepping. Our previous work has shown that infants can step at many different speeds when supported on a treadmill. The step cycle duration shortens as the speed increases, with the changes coming largely from the stance phase, just as in most other terrestrial animals. Moreover, we have shown that infants will step in all directions. Regardless of the direction of stepping, the step cycle changes in the same way with walking speed, suggesting the circuitry that controls different directions of walking share common elements. We have also shown that infant stepping is highly organized. Sensory inputs, whether proprioceptive or touch, are gated in a functional way so that only important sensory inputs generate a response. For example, touch to the lateral surface of the foot elicits a response only in sideways walking, and only in the leading limb. New data is presented here to show that the pattern generators from each limb can operate somewhat independently. On a split-belt treadmill with the 2 belts running at different speeds or in different directions, the legs showed considerable independence in behaviour. Yet, the pattern generators on each side interact to ensure that swing phase does not occur at the same time. These studies have provided insight into the organization of the pattern generator for walking in humans. It will be interesting in the future to study how maturation of the descending tracts changes walking behaviour to allow independent bipedal walking.
影响因子：
14.5
作者：
CALANCIE, B;NEEDHAMSHROPSHIRE, B;GREEN, BA
通讯作者：
GREEN, BA