Heritability of two morphological characters within and among natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster.
Heritability of two morphological characters within and among natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster.
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果蝇自然群体内部和之间两个形态特征的遗传力。
DOI：
10.1093/genetics/117.4.727
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Beecham,E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coyne,JA;Beecham,E
测定了黑腹果蝇种群内和种群间的翅长和腹毛数量的遗传力以及这些性状之间的遗传相关。当将一个种群中野生捕获的苍蝇与它们在实验室饲养的后代进行比较时，发现了大量的“自然”遗传性。毛数的自然遗传力接近于实验室饲养亲本和后代的遗传力，但翅长遗传力在自然界显著低于实验室。种群中的遗传力，通过回归野生捕获的苍蝇与其实验室饲养的后代的种群平均值来估计，接近0.5。种群的遗传分化随纬度呈倾斜性，并伴随着对温度反应标准的显著地理差异。这些克隆与其他大陆和其他果蝇物种的报告相似，几乎可以肯定是自然选择造成的。性状间的遗传回归表明，毛数的倾斜度可能是对翅长的地理选择的相关反应，反之亦然。我们的结果表明，种群内和种群间的表型变异有相当大的遗传成分。黑素胃泌素的性质。
Heritabilities of wing length and abdominal bristle number, as well as genetic correlations between these characters, were determined within and among populations ofDrosophila melanogasterin nature. Substantial "natural" heritabilities were found when wild-caught flies from one population were compared to their laboratory-reared offspring. Natural heritabilities of bristle number approximated those derived from laboratory-raised parents and offspring, but wing length heritability was significantly lower in nature than in the laboratory. Among-population heritabilities, estimated by regressing population means of wild-caught flies against those of their laboratory-reared descendants, were close to 0.5. The genetic differentiation of populations was clinal with latitude, and was accompanied by significant geographic differences in the norms of reaction to temperature. These clines are similar to those reported on other continents and in other Drosophila species, and are almost certainly caused by natural selection. Genetic regressions between the characters reveal that the cline in bristle number may be a correlated response to geographic selection on wing length, but not vice versa. Our results indicate that there is a sizable genetic component to phenotypic variation within and among populations ofD. melanogasterin nature.