A portfolio perspective on entrepreneurship and economic development
A portfolio perspective on entrepreneurship and economic development
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DOI：
10.1007/s11187-015-9678-5
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Michael H. Morris;Xaver Neumeyer;D. Kuratko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Michael H. Morris;Xaver Neumeyer;D. Kuratko
由于大多数新企业规模较小，它们的经济贡献受到质疑。Shane（Small Bus Econ 33（2）：141-149，2009）认为，设计鼓励更多人成为企业家的公共政策是适得其反的，唯一的重点应该是高增长的企业，或瞪羚。作为对沙恩的立场，四种类型的初创企业被认为是，每一个有不同的需求，并作出独特的贡献，一个国家，地区或地方的经济福利。基于这种类型学，七个反论点谢恩的立场，解决有关的问题，进入和退出的成本，效率和失败率，就业水平，部门差异，生态系统和风险出现。基于这些相反的论点，一个投资组合的观点主张，社会风险和各种回报是平衡的所有四种类型的新企业。一个组合的政策设计方法的例子，并得出的影响。
Because the large majority of new ventures remain small, their economic contribution is questioned. Shane (Small Bus Econ 33(2):141–149, 2009) has argued that designing public policies which encourage more people to become entrepreneurs is counterproductive, and the exclusive focus should be high-growth ventures, or gazelles. As a counter to Shane’s position, four types of start-up ventures are considered, with each having differing needs and making unique contributions to the economic welfare of a nation, region, or locality. Based on this typology, seven counter-arguments to Shane’s position are presented, addressing issues related to the cost of entry and exit, rates of efficiency and failure, employment levels, sector differences, ecosystems, and venture emergence. Based on these counter-arguments, a portfolio perspective is advocated, where societal risks and a variety of returns are balanced across all four types of new ventures. An example of a portfolio approach to policy design is provided, and implications are drawn.