On the interpretation and observation of laws
On the interpretation and observation of laws
复制标题
论法律的解释和遵守
DOI:
10.1016/0304-4076(88)90039-5
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发表时间:
1988
影响因子:
6.3
通讯作者:
Robert Schlaifer
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
J. Pratt;Robert Schlaifer
A law with factorsxand concomitantszspecifies a distribution givenzof a potential valueYxthat is defined for eachxwhether or not it is observed. An observed distribution ofYgivenxandzagrees with the law if and only if, givenz, the observedxis independent ofYxor, equivalently, of the joint effect ofUxof excluded variables onYx. To establish such independence in non-experimental data requires exhaustive exploration of the effects of concomitants, causal and non-causal;R2andFare irrelevant. We show how the model-free theory applies to linear models, time series, and simultaneous equations, and point out its Bayesian implications.