Reorganizing the Waterscape: Asymmetric Loss of Wetlands and Gain of Artificial Water Features in a Mixed-use Watershed
Reorganizing the Waterscape: Asymmetric Loss of Wetlands and Gain of Artificial Water Features in a Mixed-use Watershed
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重组水景：混合用途流域中湿地的不对称损失和人工水景的增加
DOI：
10.1007/s13157-023-01732-0
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Rains, Kai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rains, Mark;Schmidt, Kurt;Landry, Shawn;Kleindl, William;Rains, Kai
在18世纪80年代至1980年代之间，美国境内一半以上的湿地消失了。随着湿地的消失，许多人工水景（AWF），如雨水蓄水池，高尔夫球场水景和水库，已经建成。我们对比了湿地面积和周长的损失与AWF面积和周长的增加，并进一步探讨了这种转变如何改变水景的空间特征。我们在坦帕湾流域进行了这项分析，这是一个大型沿海流域，在20世纪50年代至2007年间失去了33%的湿地面积。趋势是湿地越来越少，越来越小，湿地越来越小。湿地面积的损失远远超过AWF面积的增加，导致湿地和AWF面积合计损失23%。然而，湿地周长的损失几乎等于AWF周长的增加，导致湿地和AWF周长的总损失仅为2%。湿地的损失和AWFs的收益主要发生在不同的地理位置，湿地的损失主要发生在上游，AWFs的收益主要发生在邻近坦帕湾。湿地之间的距离越来越远，但总体上保持了它们的自然分布，而AWFs之间的距离越来越近，现在反映了更自然的湿地分布。总体而言，当今水景的物理结构与过去不同，这可能反映了在局部和景观尺度上所履行的功能和提供的相关生态服务的变化。
Between the 1780 and 1980s, more than half of the wetlands in the conterminous US were lost. As wetlands have been lost, numerous artificial water features (AWFs), such as stormwater retention ponds, golf course water features, and reservoirs, have been constructed. We contrasted the loss of wetland area and perimeter to the gain of AWF area and perimeter and further explored how this transformation has altered the spatial characteristics of the waterscape. We conducted this analysis in the Tampa Bay Watershed, a large coastal watershed that lost 33% of its wetland area between the 1950s-2007. Trends have been towards fewer, smaller wetlands and more, smaller AWFs. The loss of wetland area far exceeds the gain in AWF area, leading to an overall loss of 23% of the combined wetland and AWF area. However, the loss of wetland perimeter almost equals the gain in AWF perimeter, leading to an overall loss of just 2% of the combined wetland and AWF perimeter. The loss of wetlands and gain of AWFs have predominantly occurred in different geographic locations, with the loss of wetlands predominantly in the headwaters and the gain in AWFs predominantly adjacent to Tampa Bay. Wetlands became further apart, though generally retained their natural distribution, while AWFs became closer to one another and now mirror the more natural wetland distribution. Overall, the physical structure of the waterscape of today is different than in the past, which likely reflects a change in functions performed and related ecological services provided at local and landscape scales.
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