How to make progress in disciplining overfishing subsidies
How to make progress in disciplining overfishing subsidies
复制标题
如何在规范过度捕捞补贴方面取得进展
DOI：
10.1093/icesjms/fss173
复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
U. R. Sumaila
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
U. R. Sumaila
7年多来，世界贸易组织（WTO）一直在按照国际社会的要求，努力约束过度捕捞补贴，但没有取得成功。我认为，这种失败的部分原因是世贸组织谈判代表的目标是达成一项包罗万象的协议，即谈判是作为一项“单一事业”进行的，因此必须在所有领域取得成果。谈判代表必须为WTO所有海事成员国和所有渔业（无论是国内的还是国际的）达成一项包罗万象的协议；小规模的或大规模的；发展中国家或发达国家的渔业。本文认为，这种对“单一事业”的承诺并没有使取消补贴的动机与国家利益相一致，因此需要通过将世界渔业分为国内渔业和国际渔业来加以改变。这样，消除对某些鱼类的过度捕捞补贴的战斗将转移到本国，而对其他鱼类来说，这仍将取决于国际社会。有人认为，这种分割将使激励机制协调一致，并提高取消过度捕捞补贴的机会。
The World Trade Organization (WTO) has been working for more than seven years now to discipline overfishing subsidies, as mandated by the global community, without success. I argue that this failure is partly because WTO negotiators aim for an all-inclusive deal, i.e. negotiations are conducted as a “single undertaking”, whereby results must be achieved in all areas. Negotiators are required to broker an all-inclusive deal for all maritime WTO member countries and for all fisheries, whether domestic or international; small or large scale; developing or developed country fisheries. It is argued here that this commitment to a “single undertaking” does not align the incentive to remove subsidies with national interests, and therefore needs to be changed by splitting the world’s fisheries into domestic and international fisheries. In this way, the battle for eliminating overfishing subsidies for some stocks would shift to home countries, and for others this would still rest with the international community. This split, it is argued, would align the incentives and improve the chances of eliminating overfishing subsidies.