Glycosaminoglycans
Glycosaminoglycans
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_4
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Linhardt, Robert J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Song, Yuefan;Zhang, Fuming;Linhardt, Robert J.
糖胺聚糖（Glycosaminoglycans，GAG）是人体糖组的重要组成部分。它们是带负电荷的无分支多糖，通常共价连接到蛋白质上，形成聚糖-蛋白质缀合物，称为蛋白聚糖。糖胺聚糖在个体发育过程中的许多生物学过程中起关键作用，并且还参与各种疾病的病理过程。基于其显著的生物活性及其普遍参与疾病进展，GAG被用作治疗剂或被靶向或用于治疗疾病。在这一章中，我们介绍了四类糖胺聚糖的特点，构成了糖胺聚糖家族。糖胺聚糖的病理作用，包括先天性疾病，传染病和癌症的主要疾病进行了讨论。介绍了糖胺聚糖及其模拟物在治疗中的应用，以及基于糖胺聚糖在发病机制中的作用而开发的治疗方法。此外，我们还简要回顾了糖胺聚糖的研究历史，并对促进糖胺聚糖和糖组学研究的一些关键技术进行了梳理。
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important constituents of human glycome. They are negatively charged unbranched polysaccharides that are usually covalently attached to proteins, forming glycan-protein conjugates, called proteoglycans. Glycosaminoglycans play critical roles in numerous biological processes throughout individual development and are also involved in the pathological processes of various diseases. Based on their remarkable bioactivities and their universal involvement in disease progression, GAGs are applied as therapeutics or are being targeted or used in treating diseases. In this chapter, we introduce the characteristics of the four classes of GAGs that constitute the glycosaminoglycan family. The pathological roles of glycosaminoglycans in major diseases including innate disease, infectious disease, and cancer are discussed. The application of GAGs and their mimetics as therapeutics is introduced, as well as those therapeutic methods developed based on GAGs' role in pathogenesis. In addition, we provide a brief and overall lookback at the history of GAG research and sort out some critical techniques that facilitated GAG and glycomics studies.