The crucial role of genome-wide genetic variation in conservation
The crucial role of genome-wide genetic variation in conservation
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2104642118
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发表时间：
2021-11-30
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Funk, W. Chris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kardos, Marty;Armstrong, Ellie E.;Funk, W. Chris
前所未有的物种灭绝速度要求有效利用遗传学来帮助保护生物多样性。最近几项基于基因组学和模拟的研究认为，保护生物学领域过于关注保护全基因组的遗传变异，而该领域应该专注于管理被认为影响适应性的功能性遗传变异子集。在这里，我们批判性地评估了这种方法在保护中的可行性和可能的好处。我们发现，群体遗传学理论和实证结果表明，保护全基因组遗传变异通常是防止近交抑制和适应潜力丧失导致种群灭绝的最佳途径。将保护工作集中在可能具有功能的遗传变异上，这只是偶尔可行的，往往会产生误导，而且当优先考虑全基因组遗传变异时，效果会适得其反。鉴于栖息地丧失和其他环境变化的速度日益加快，未能认识到全基因组遗传变异丧失对种群长期生存能力的有害影响，只会加剧生物多样性危机。
The unprecedented rate of extinction calls for efficient use of genetics to help conserve biodiversity. Several recent genomic and simulation-based studies have argued that the field of conservation biology has placed too much focus on conserving genome-wide genetic variation, and that the field should instead focus on managing the subset of functional genetic variation that is thought to affect fitness. Here, we critically evaluate the feasibility and likely benefits of this approach in conservation. We find that population genetics theory and empirical results show that conserving genome-wide genetic variation is generally the best approach to prevent inbreeding depression and loss of adaptive potential from driving populations toward extinction. Focusing conservation efforts on presumably functional genetic variation will only be feasible occasionally, often misleading, and counterproductive when prioritized over genome-wide genetic variation. Given the increasing rate of habitat loss and other environmental changes, failure to recognize the detrimental effects of lost genome-wide genetic variation on long-term population viability will only worsen the biodiversity crisis.