Market Access, Production Diversity, and Diet Diversity: Evidence From India
Market Access, Production Diversity, and Diet Diversity: Evidence From India
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DOI：
10.1177/0379572120920061
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Pingali, Prabhu L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gupta, Soumya;Sunder, Naveen;Pingali, Prabhu L.
背景：最近的文献，主要来自非洲，显示了自制对饮食多样性的混合影响。然而，随着市场一体化程度的加深，自产相对于市场在影响食品消费方面的作用变得更加明显。目的：调查生产多样性和家庭市场一体化两个因素对印度农村妇女和家庭营养饮食摄入量的相对重要性。方法：数据分析基于2017年对3600个印度家庭进行的广泛的农业营养调查的原始数据。女性和家庭的饮食多样性评分是基于24小时和7天的回忆期构建的。家庭市场整合的衡量标准是家庭每月在主要副食品类别上的支出。我们通过两种方式衡量生产多样性--田间水平和农场生产多样性--以解释我们研究地点以谷物为中心的水稻-小麦种植制度。分析基于普通的最小二乘回归，其中我们控制了影响食品消费的各种村庄、家庭和个人水平的协变量，以及村庄的固定影响。稳健性检查是通过使用泊松回归规范和7天召回期限进行的。结果：田地生产多样性的传统衡量标准，如种植的农作物或食物组的数量，与饮食多样性没有明显的关联。相比之下，农场生产的多样性(田间种植豆类和农场牲畜管理，以及较长期的厨房菜园)与饮食多样性得分显著相关，因此表明副食品在改善个人和家庭饮食多样性方面的重要性。此外，市场购买豆类和乳制品等副食品与明显更高的饮食多样性有关。饮食多样性的其他重要决定因素包括妇女的识字能力和营养意识。这些结果对饮食多样性测量的回忆期和经验性规范的性质的变化大多保持稳健。结论：这项研究对印度饮食相关的稀缺经验证据做出了贡献。此外，我们的结果指出了一些关键的干预领域--促进家畜饲养、加强家庭市场一体化(用于购买副食品)和提高妇女的营养意识。这些措施比提高生产多样性更有影响力。
Background: Recent literature, largely from Africa, shows mixed effects of own-production on diet diversity. However, the role of own-production, relative to markets, in influencing food consumption becomes more pronounced as market integration increases. Objective: This paper investigates the relative importance of two factors - production diversity and household market integration - for the intake of a nutritious diet by women and households in rural India. Methods: Data analysis is based on primary data from an extensive agriculture-nutrition survey of 3600 Indian households that was collected in 2017. Dietary diversity scores are constructed for women and households is based on 24-hour and 7-day recall periods. Household market integration is measured as monthly household expenditure on key non-staple food groups. We measure production diversity in two ways - field-level and on-farm production diversity - in order to account for the cereal centric rice-wheat cropping system found in our study locations. The analysis is based on Ordinary Least Squares regressions where we control for a variety of village, household, and individual level covariates that affect food consumption, and village fixed effects. Robustness checks are done by way of using a Poisson regression specifications and 7-day recall period. Results: Conventional measures of field-level production diversity, like the number of crops or food groups grown, have no significant association with diet diversity. In contrast, it is on-farm production diversity (the field-level cultivation of pulses and on-farm livestock management, and kitchen gardens in the longer run) that is significantly associated with improved dietary diversity scores, thus suggesting the importance of non-staples in improving both individual and household dietary diversity. Furthermore, market purchases of non-staples like pulses and dairy products are associated with a significantly higher dietary diversity. Other significant determinants of dietary diversity include women's literacy and awareness of nutrition. These results mostly remain robust to changes in the recall period of the diet diversity measure and the nature of the empirical specification. Conclusions: This study contributes to the scarce empirical evidence related to diets in India. Additionally, our results indicate some key intervention areas - promoting livestock rearing, strengthening households' market integration (for purchase of non-staples) and increasing women's awareness about nutrition. These are more impactful than raising production diversity.