Relationships between Chinook Salmon Swimming Performance and Water Quality in the San Joaquin River, California
Relationships between Chinook Salmon Swimming Performance and Water Quality in the San Joaquin River, California
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DOI：
10.1080/00028487.2016.1271827
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Lindley, Steven T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lehman, Brendan;Huff, David D.;Lindley, Steven T.
目前只有一个有限的了解水质和捕食太平洋鲑鱼Oncorhynchus spp之间的关系。小鲑鱼我们解决了这一假设，水质差会降低小鲑鱼的游泳性能，大概是它的捕食者逃避能力。捕食是影响鲑鱼小鲑鱼生存的主要因素，在整个圣华金河和萨克拉门托-圣华金三角洲的加州。先前的研究已经量化了捕食率，但水质对捕食者逃避能力的影响尚未得到评估。我们量化了青少年奇努克鲑鱼O的游泳性能。tshawytscha与水质变量的关系。最大游泳速度（U-max）的45孵化饲养的小鲑鱼（7.1-9.9厘米FL）进行了测量，在控制（实验室）和现场环境中使用移动的游泳隧道呼吸计;测量之前和之后的鱼收到了2-D暴露于较低的圣华金河，而被关押在流通笼。为了在各种环境条件下取样，我们在6周的时间内进行了试验，这与小鲑鱼迁移的高峰期相吻合。建立回归模型，以评估游泳性能和四个水质协变量（水温，浊度，溶解氧，电导率）之间的关系。我们发现Umax与温度和浊度之间存在负相关关系，并以图形方式描述了这些关系。我们的研究结果表明，有可能提高鲑鱼小鲑鱼生存的水质管理策略，包括管理温度和悬浮泥沙浓度，以优化迁移小鲑鱼的游泳能力，并可能提高他们的能力，以逃避捕食者。
There is currently only a limited understanding of the relationship between water quality and predation on Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. smolts. We addressed the hypothesis that poor water quality will decrease a smolt's swimming performance and presumably its predator evasion capabilities. Predation is a major factor affecting salmon smolt survival throughout the San Joaquin River and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. Prior studies have quantified predation rates, but the effect of water quality on predator evasion capability has not previously been evaluated. We quantified the swimming performance of juvenile Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha in relation to water quality variables. The maximum swim speeds (U-max) of 45 hatchery-reared smolts (7.1-9.9 cm FL) were measured in controlled (laboratory) and field environments by using a mobile swim tunnel respirometer; measurements were obtained before and after the fish received a 2-d exposure to the lower San Joaquin River while being held in flow-through cages. To sample across a diversity of environmental conditions, we conducted trials during a 6-week period that coincided with the peak smolt out-migration. Regression models were constructed to evaluate relationships between swimming performance and four water quality covariates (water temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity). We found negative relationships between Umax and both temperature and turbidity, and we described these relationships graphically. Our findings suggest that water quality management strategies with the potential to improve salmon smolt survival include managing temperatures and suspended sediment concentrations to optimize the swimming capacity of migrating smolts and possibly improve their ability to evade predators.