Preventing Collusion in Procurement: A Primer
Preventing Collusion in Procurement: A Primer
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发表时间：
2006-04
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通讯作者：
G. Spagnolo;G. Albano;Paolo Buccirossi;M. Zanza
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作者：
G. Spagnolo;G. Albano;Paolo Buccirossi;M. Zanza
在招标阶段软化价格竞争时，投标圈可能会损害买方以最有利的经济条件授予采购合同的努力。通过利用寡头垄断和采购市场之间的相似之处，我们讨论了采购市场的结构性条件，如进入壁垒的存在，需求波动，供应商之间的互动频率和市场透明度如何影响投标过程中参与者之间的串通协议的可持续性。然后，我们评估在何种程度上的投标设计的一些方面，如选择的投标格式，特别是评分规则，对投标财团和分包的限制可能会增加价格竞争和限制成功操纵投标的风险。我们还审查了一个“涉嫌”协调投标在采购市场的药品在意大利的情况下，并提供了一个由卡特尔在“午餐券”市场，也是在意大利，这是发现和定罪的意大利反垄断局的串通协议的详细说明。
In softening price competition at the tendering stage, a bidding ring may jeopardize the buyer's effort to award a procurement contract at her most advantageous economic conditions. By exploiting the similarities between oligopolistic and procurement markets, we discuss how structural conditions of the procurement market such as the presence of barriers to entry, demand fluctuations, frequency of interactions among suppliers and market transparency affect the sustainability of collusive agreements among participants in a tendering process. We then evaluate the extent to which some aspects of the tendering design such as the choice of tendering format, and in particular of the scoring rule, the constraints on bidding consortia and subcontracting may enhance price competition and limit the risk of successful bid-rigging. We also review one case of "suspected" coordinated bidding in the procurement market for a pharmaceutical product in Italy, and provide a detailed account of the collusive agreement put in place by a cartel in the "Lunch Coupon" market, also in Italy, that was uncovered and convicted by the Italian Antitrust Authority.