Characterization of metalworking fluid exposure indices for a study of acute respiratory effects.
Characterization of metalworking fluid exposure indices for a study of acute respiratory effects.
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用于研究急性呼吸系统影响的金属加工液暴露指数的表征。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Franzblau
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Abrams;N. Seixas;T. Robins;H. Burge;M. Muilenberg;A. Franzblau
虽然金属加工液在整个工业中广泛使用了几十年，但金属加工液气溶胶及其成分的职业暴露尚未得到很好的表征。本文介绍了金属加工液气溶胶和急性呼吸系统影响研究的暴露评估。该暴露评估的独特之处在于，它包括与复杂环境相关的多种暴露措施，以及广泛的细菌和内毒素个人采样。具体目标是：（1）直接（通过采样）或间接（通过估计）获得汽车变速器厂金属加工液气溶胶个人暴露指数，以及（2）在可能的情况下确定和调整暴露/剂量测量的误差来源。以前的研究没有对个人暴露于金属加工液气溶胶的特征进行如此广泛的描述。暴露数据是在试验阶段和15个月期间的三轮主要数据收集期间与肺量测定试验相结合获得的。受试者在两个加工部门（壳体和阀体）之一或在比较部门（最终装配）工作。本研究的主要暴露指标为胸腔部分颗粒物、胸腔部分细菌（活菌和非活菌）和总内毒素。在所有研究轮次中，最终组装件中胸部颗粒物的平均个人空气浓度为0.13 mg/m3，阀体中为0.32 mg/m3，外壳中为0.56 mg/m3。最终组装件中胸腔部分细菌的平均个人暴露量为0.38个细菌/cc，阀体中为0.87个细菌/cc，外壳中为2.66个细菌/cc。在第3轮研究中收集的平均个人内毒素测量值在组装件中为16.4内毒素单位（EU）/m3，在阀体中为34.7 EU/m3，在外壳中为234 EU/m3。贮液中含有约10（8）个细菌/ml和10（4）-10（5）EU/ml。在金属加工操作中，胸腔颗粒物、胸腔细菌和总内毒素的空气浓度高度相关。因此，减少空气中的颗粒物水平也应该减少周围的细菌和内毒素，这是呼吸障碍的可疑因素。最终组装件中内毒素水平升高是意外的，表明该部门存在独立的内毒素污染源。
Although metalworking fluids have been widely used throughout industry for decades, occupational exposures to metalworking fluid aerosols and their constituents have not been well characterized. This article describes an exposure assessment for a study of metalworking fluid aerosols and acute respiratory effects. This exposure assessment was unique in its inclusion of multiple exposure measures relevant to a complex environment, and extensive personal sampling for bacteria and endotoxin. The specific objectives were to: (1) obtain indices of personal exposure to metalworking fluid aerosols in an automotive transmission plant, either directly (by sampling) or indirectly (by estimation), and (2) identify and adjust for sources of error in exposure/dose measures, where possible. No prior studies have characterized personal exposures to metalworking fluid aerosols so extensively. Exposure data were obtained during a pilot phase and three principal rounds of data collection over a 15-month period in conjunction with spirometric testing. Subjects worked in one of two machining departments, Case and Valve Body, or in a comparison department, Final Assembly. The primary exposure measures for this study were thoracic fraction particulate, thoracic fraction bacteria (viable plus non-viable), and total endotoxin. Mean personal air concentrations of thoracic particulate across all study rounds were 0.13 mg/m3 in Final Assembly, 0.32 mg/m3 in Valve Body, and 0.56 mg/m3 in Case. Average personal exposures to thoracic fraction bacteria were 0.38 bacteria/cc in Final Assembly, 0.87 bacteria/cc in Valve Body, and 2.66 bacteria/cc in Case. Average personal endotoxin measurements, collected in Round 3 of the study, were 16.4 endotoxin units (EU)/m3 in Assembly, 34.7 EU/m3 in Valve Body, and 234 EU/m3 in Case. Sump fluid contained on the order of 10(8) bacteria/ml, and 10(4)-10(5) EU/ml. Air concentrations of thoracic particulate, thoracic bacteria, and total endotoxin were highly correlated in metalworking operations. Thus, reducing airborne particulate levels should also reduce ambient bacteria and endotoxin, which are suspect agents of respiratory impairment. The elevated endotoxin levels in Final Assembly were unexpected, and suggest an independent source of endotoxin contamination in this department.