Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use and Use Disorders Among Adults Aged 18 Through 64 Years in the United States, 2003-2013

Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use and Use Disorders Among Adults Aged 18 Through 64 Years in the United States, 2003-2013
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DOI:
10.1001/jama.2015.11859
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发表时间:
2015-10-13
影响因子:
120.7
通讯作者:
Cai, Rong
Cai, Rong
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Han, Beth;Compton, Wilson M.;Cai, Rong

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重要性 自 1999 年以来,美国与处方阿片类药物的非医疗使用相关的发病率和死亡率有所增加。 目的 评估全国非医疗处方阿片类药物使用和使用障碍的趋势和特征以及相关死亡率的全国趋势。 设计、环境和参与者 非医疗使用和使用障碍的患病率及相关风险因素基于 472 200 名 18 岁至 64 岁人群的数据参加了 2003-2013 年全国药物使用与健康调查。死亡率基于 2003-2013 年国家人口动态统计系统的多重死因文件。暴露 处方阿片类药物的非医疗使用流行率。主要结果和措施 非医疗处方阿片类药物使用和使用障碍。结果 在 18 岁至 64 岁的成年人中,处方阿片类药物非医疗使用流行率从 5.4% 下降(95% CI,处方阿片类药物使用障碍的患病率从 2003 年的 5.08%-5.70%)上升到 2013 年的 4.9%(95% CI,4.58%-5.22%)(绝对差异,-0.5%;95% CI,-0.11% 至 -0.89%),但处方阿片类药物使用障碍的患病率从 0.6%(95% CI, 2003 年的 0.54%-0.76%)到 2013 年的 0.9%(95% CI,0.75%-1.01%)(绝对差异,0.3%;95% CI,0.03%-0.43%)。高频使用(>= 200天)的12个月患病率也从2003年的0.3%(95% CI,0.19%-0.35%)上升至2013年的0.4%(95% CI,0.31%-0.48%)(绝对差值,0.1%;95% CI,0.01%-0.29%)。根据涉及处方阿片类药物的药物过量死亡率评估的死亡率从 2003 年的每 10 万人 4.5 例(95% CI,4.42-4.61)增加到 2013 年的每 10 万人 7.8 例(95% CI,7.64-7.89)(绝对差值,3.3;95% CI, 3.09-3.41)在 18 岁至 64 岁的成年人中。非医疗使用处方阿片类药物的平均天数从 2003 年的 2.1 天(95% CI,1.83-2.37)增加到 2013 年的 2.6 天(95% CI,2.27-2.85)(绝对差值,0.5,95% CI,0.05-0.86)。经模型调整后,非医疗使用者中处方阿片类药物使用障碍的患病率在 2010 年增至 15.7%(95% CI,13.87%-17.67%),2011 年增至 16.1%(95% CI,14.36%-17.99%),2011 年增至 17.0%(95% CI,15.07%-19.12%)。 2003 年为 12.7%(95% CI,11.04%-14.53%),2012 年为 16.9%(95% CI,14.95%-19.03%)。 结论和相关性 2003-2013 年期间,18 至 64 岁成年人中,非医疗使用百分比处方阿片类药物的数量减少。相比之下,处方阿片类药物使用障碍的患病率、使用频率和相关死亡率有所增加。
IMPORTANCE Since 1999, the United States has experienced increases in morbidity and mortality associated with nonmedical use of prescription opioids.OBJECTIVE To assess national trends in and characteristics of nonmedical prescription opioid use and use disorders and the national trend in related mortality.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prevalence of nonmedical use and use disorders and related risk factors were based on data from 472 200 persons aged 18 through 64 years who participated in the 2003-2013 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. Mortality was based on the 2003-2013 National Vital Statistics System's Multiple Cause of Death Files.EXPOSURES Prevalence of nonmedical use of prescription opioids.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Nonmedical prescription opioid use and use disorders.RESULTS Among adults aged 18 through 64 years, the prevalence of nonmedical use of prescription opioids decreased from 5.4% (95% CI, 5.08%-5.70%) in 2003 to 4.9% (95% CI, 4.58%-5.22%) in 2013 (absolute difference, -0.5%; 95% CI, -0.11% to -0.89%), but the prevalence of prescription opioid use disorders increased from 0.6% (95% CI, 0.54%-0.76%) in 2003 to 0.9% (95% CI, 0.75%-1.01%) in 2013 (absolute difference, 0.3%; 95% CI, 0.03%-0.43%). The 12-month prevalence of high-frequency use (>= 200 days) also increased from 0.3% (95% CI, 0.19%-0.35%) in 2003 to 0.4% (95% CI, 0.31%-0.48%) in 2013 (absolute difference, 0.1%; 95% CI, 0.01%-0.29%). Mortality assessed by drug overdose death rates involving prescription opioids increased from 4.5 per 100 000 (95% CI, 4.42-4.61) in 2003 to 7.8 per 100 000 (95% CI, 7.64-7.89) in 2013 (absolute difference, 3.3; 95% CI, 3.09-3.41) among adults aged 18 through 64 years. The mean number of days of nonmedical use of prescription opioids increased from 2.1 (95% CI, 1.83-2.37) in 2003 to 2.6 (95% CI, 2.27-2.85) in 2013 (absolute difference, 0.5, 95% CI, 0.05-0.86). The model-adjusted prevalence of having prescription opioid use disorders among nonmedical users increased to 15.7% (95% CI, 13.87%-17.67%) in 2010,16.1% (95% CI, 14.36%-17.99%) in 2011, 17.0% (95% CI, 15.07%-19.12%) in 2012, and 16.9% (95% CI, 14.95%-19.03%) in 2013 from 12.7% (95% CI, 11.04%-14.53%) in 2003.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE During the 2003-2013 years, among adults aged 18 through 64 years, the percentage of nonmedical use of prescription opioids decreased. In contrast, the prevalence of prescription opioid use disorders, frequency of use, and related mortality increased.