Long-standing LPG subsidies, cooking fuel stacking, and personal exposure to air pollution in rural and peri-urban Ecuador
Long-standing LPG subsidies, cooking fuel stacking, and personal exposure to air pollution in rural and peri-urban Ecuador
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DOI：
10.1038/s41370-020-0231-5
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发表时间：
2020-05-15
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Jack, Darby W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gould, Carlos F.;Schlesinger, Samuel B.;Jack, Darby W.
厄瓜多尔提供了一个独特的案例研究，用于评估一个中等收入国家的个人空气污染暴露情况，该国几十年来一直以低成本提供清洁的烹饪燃料。我们在 48 小时的监测期内测量了厄瓜多尔沿海和安第斯山脉 157 个农村和城郊家庭的个人 PM2.5 暴露、炉灶使用情况和参与者位置。虽然几乎所有家庭都拥有液化石油气 (LPG) 炉灶并将其作为主要烹饪燃料，但四分之一的家庭使用木柴作为辅助燃料，10% 的家庭使用电磁炉作为液化石油气的辅助燃料。炉灶使用监测显示出清晰的餐内和餐间燃料堆积模式。与主要的液化石油气和电磁炉使用者相比，拥有木柴的参与者的 48 小时和 10 分钟 PM2.5 暴露分布较高，并且这种效应在监测期间使用木柴时变得更加明显。考虑到受试者内的聚类，同时使用木柴炉与 101 mu g/m(3) 较高的 10 分钟 PM2.5 暴露相关（95% CI：94-108 mu克/米(3))。 LPG 和电磁炉烹饪事件在很大程度上与同期 PM2.5 暴露无关。我们的研究结果表明，即使液化石油气是主要烹饪燃料，木柴的使用与高于世界卫生组织临时 I 指南的平均和短期个人空气污染暴露有关。
Ecuador presents a unique case study for evaluating personal air pollution exposure in a middle-income country where a clean cooking fuel has been available at low cost for several decades. We measured personal PM2.5 exposure, stove use, and participant location during a 48-h monitoring period for 157 rural and peri-urban households in coastal and Andean Ecuador. While nearly all households owned a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove and used it as their primary cooking fuel, one-quarter of households utilized firewood as a secondary fuel and 10% used induction stoves secondary to LPG. Stove use monitoring demonstrated clear within- and across-meal fuel stacking patterns. Firewood-owning participants had higher distributions of 48-h and 10-min PM2.5 exposure as compared with primary LPG and induction stove users, and this effect became more pronounced with firewood use during monitoring.Accounting for within-subject clustering, contemporaneous firewood stove use was associated with 101 mu g/m(3) higher 10-min PM2.5 exposure (95% CI: 94-108 mu g/m(3)). LPG and induction cooking events were largely not associated with contemporaneous PM2.5 exposure. Our results suggest that firewood use is associated with average and short-term personal air pollution exposure above the WHO interim-I guideline, even when LPG is the primary cooking fuel.