Sex differences in PTSD resilience and susceptibility: Challenges for animal models of fear learning.
Sex differences in PTSD resilience and susceptibility: Challenges for animal models of fear learning.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.ynstr.2014.09.005
复制
发表时间：
2015-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Shansky, Rebecca M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shansky, Rebecca M
创伤后应激障碍只发生在一小部分创伤暴露的个体中，但女性的风险是男性的两倍。这种差异的神经生物学基础尚不清楚，但确定每个性别的弹性和易感性的生物决定因素可能会导致更有针对性的预防和治疗。动物模型是剖析大脑对压力反应的回路和机制的有用工具，但绝大多数工作是在男性身上开发和进行的。纳入雌性动物的有限工作通常在实验室之间不一致，并且不能广泛反映人类群体对PTSD样行为的女性易感性。在这篇综述中，我们建议在这些模型中解释男性与女性的比较时要小心，因为共同的行为结果测量实际上可能反映了不同的神经过程。此外，由于决定弹性和敏感性的因素可能至少在男性和女性中部分不同，采取性别内反应变异性方法的模型可能在确定操纵的关键机制方面更有用。
PTSD occurs in only a small fraction of trauma-exposed individuals, but risk is twice as high in women as in men. The neurobiological basis for this discrepancy is not known, but the identification of biological determinants of resilience and susceptibility in each sex could lead to more targeted preventions and treatments. Animal models are a useful tool for dissecting the circuits and mechanisms that underlie the brain's response to stress, but the vast majority of this work has been developed and conducted in males. The limited work that does incorporate female animals is often inconsistent across labs and does not broadly reflect human populations in terms of female susceptibility to PTSD-like behaviors. In this review, we suggest that interpreting male vs. female comparisons in these models be approached carefully, since common behavioral outcome measures may in fact reflect distinct neural processes. Moreover, since the factors that determine resilience and susceptibility are likely at least in part distinct in men and women, models that take a within-sex approach to response variability may be more useful in identifying critical mechanisms for manipulation.