Simulated Climate and Climate Change in the GFDL CM2.5 High-Resolution Coupled Climate Model
Simulated Climate and Climate Change in the GFDL CM2.5 High-Resolution Coupled Climate Model
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DOI：
10.1175/jcli-d-11-00316.1
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Zhang, Rong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Delworth, Thomas L.;Rosati, Anthony;Zhang, Rong
作者介绍了一个新开发的高分辨率全球气候模式[地球物理流体动力学实验室气候模式2.5版（GFDL CM2.5）]模拟气候和气候变化的结果。GFDL CM2.5在水平方向上的大气分辨率约为50 km，垂直方向上有32个高度。海洋的水平分辨率从热带的28公里到高纬度的8公里不等，有50个垂直水平。这种分辨率允许显式模拟海洋中的一些中尺度涡旋，特别是在低纬。还介绍了基于140年模拟的结果，其中大气CO2以1%的年（-1）增加，直到70年后加倍。结果与GFDL CM2.1相比，其具有稍微类似的物理特性但分辨率更粗糙。CM2.5模拟的气候在许多地区，特别是热带地区，表现出显着的改善，包括双ITCZ的减少和ENSO模拟的改进。区域降水特征明显改善。CM2.5对大气CO2浓度加倍的响应与CM2.1有许多共同的特征，但也有一些显著的差异。例如，在CM2.5中，地中海的降雨变化似乎与地形紧密相关，而CM2.1的响应在空间上更为均匀。此外，与使用CM2.1的模拟相反，在CM2.5中，南大洋高纬度地区的近地表海洋大幅变暖。
The authors present results for simulated climate and climate change from a newly developed high-resolution global climate model [Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model version 2.5 (GFDL CM2.5)]. The GFDL CM2.5 has an atmospheric resolution of approximately 50 km in the horizontal, with 32 vertical levels. The horizontal resolution in the ocean ranges from 28 km in the tropics to 8 km at high latitudes, with 50 vertical levels. This resolution allows the explicit simulation of some mesoscale eddies in the ocean, particularly at lower latitudes.Analyses are presented based on the output of a 280-yr control simulation; also presented are results based on a 140-yr simulation in which atmospheric CO2 increases at 1% yr(-1) until doubling after 70 yr.Results are compared to GFDL CM2.1, which has somewhat similar physics but a coarser resolution. The simulated climate in CM2.5 shows marked improvement over many regions, especially the tropics, including a reduction in the double ITCZ and an improved simulation of ENSO. Regional precipitation features are much improved. The Indian monsoon and Amazonian rainfall are also substantially more realistic in CM2.5.The response of CM2.5 to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 has many features in common with CM2.1, with some notable differences. For example, rainfall changes over the Mediterranean appear to be tightly linked to topography in CM2.5, in contrast to CM2.1 where the response is more spatially homogeneous. In addition, in CM2.5 the near-surface ocean warms substantially in the high latitudes of the Southern Ocean, in contrast to simulations using CM2.1.