How long does it take to find a cause? An online investigation of implicit causality in sentence production.
How long does it take to find a cause? An online investigation of implicit causality in sentence production.
复制标题
需要多长时间才能找到原因？
DOI：
10.1080/17470210500269105
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rigalleau,Francois
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guerry,Michele;Gimenes,Manuel;Caplan,David;Rigalleau,Francois
一些人际关系动词表现出有利于其主语或宾语的隐性因果关系偏见。这种偏见通常出现在要求参与者完成包含动词的片段的离线继续任务中（例如，彼得惹恼了简，因为……）。隐性因果偏差被归因于主语对动词所表示的事件的发起者的关注。根据这一“聚焦理论”，至少在连接词“因为”被阅读之后，内隐原因具有更高水平的激活。最近，聚焦理论受到了使用探针识别或阅读时间方法的研究人员的批评。然而，没有提出明确的替代方案来解释离线延续数据。在本文中，我们报告了三个使用在线延续任务的实验，结果表明，当待完成的片段包含与言语偏见不一致的比喻（例如，彼得惹恼了简，因为她……）时，受试者需要更多的时间来想象一个结局。这一结果表明，离线延续数据可以反映出寻找谓词与谓词的内隐因果偏差不一致的谓词的认知努力。在讨论中，我们认为这种努力可能与不一致子句必须满足的约束数量有关，这些约束必须与话语的因果结构一致。
Some interpersonal verbs show an implicit causality bias in favour of their subject or their object. Such a bias is generally seen in offline continuation tasks where participants are required to finish a fragment containing the verb (e.g., Peter annoyed Jane because …). The implicit causality bias has been ascribed to the subject's focusing on the initiator of the event denoted by the verb. According to this “focusing theory” the implicit cause has a higher level of activation, at least after the connective “because” has been read. Recently, the focusing theory has been criticized by researchers who used a probe recognition or reading-time methodology. However no clear alternative has been proposed to explain the offline continuation data. In this paper, we report three experiments using an online continuation task, which showed that subjects took more time to imagine an ending when the fragment to be completed contained an anaphor that was incongruent with the verbal bias (e.g., Peter annoyed Jane because she …). This result suggests that the offline continuation data could reflect the cognitive effort associated with finding a predicate with an agent incongruent with the implicit causality bias of a verb. In the discussion, we suggest that this effort could be related to the number of constraints that an incongruent clause must satisfy to be consistent with the causal structure of the discourse.