Failla Memorial Lecture - A sense of danger from radiation
Failla Memorial Lecture - A sense of danger from radiation
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DOI：
10.1667/rr3196
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Liao, YP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McBride, WH;Chiang, CS;Liao, YP
暴露于病原体、化学物质和物理因素（例如电离辐射）引起的组织损伤会触发一般“危险”信号的产生，这些信号动员先天和后天免疫系统来应对入侵并影响组织修复，以维持组织和身体的完整性。电离辐射似乎也有同样的作用，但人们对“危险”信号在组织对此剂反应中的作用知之甚少。这篇综述讨论了可能因暴露于电离辐射而产生的假定“危险”信号的性质及其重要性。辐射暴露引起的“危险”信号会产生许多潜在后果。 “危险”信号可以介导辐射损伤的发病机制或恢复。它们可以改变细胞固有的放射敏感性或启动对随后暴露的放射适应性反应。它们可能会扩散到局部受损地点之外并调节旁观者或“场外”辐射效应。最后，经典“危险”信号的一个重要方面是它们将病理部位的初始非特异性免疫反应与特异性适应性免疫的发展联系起来。有趣的是，就辐射而言，几乎没有证据表明“危险”信号能有效地将辐射诱导的肿瘤细胞死亡转化为肿瘤特异性免疫的产生，或将正常组织损伤转化为自身免疫。有人认为，辐射引起的“危险”信号在这方面可能不够充分，或者辐射会干扰特异性免疫的产生。关于暴露于电离辐射后的“危险”信号，有许多问题需要解决。在某些领域，证明它们重要性的证据很少，但这些问题值得考虑，如果没有其他原因，只是操纵这些途径有可能提高放射治疗的治疗效果。本文重点介绍正常组织和肿瘤如何感知和应对电离辐射的危险、发送信号的性质以及暴露对最终后果的影响。 (C) 2004 年，辐射研究会。
Tissue damage caused by exposure to pathogens, chemicals and physical agents such as ionizing radiation triggers production of generic "danger" signals that mobilize the innate and acquired immune system to deal with the intrusion and effect tissue repair with the goal of maintaining the integrity of the tissue and the body. Ionizing radiation appears to do the same, but less is known about the role of "danger" signals in tissue responses to this agent. This review deals with the nature of putative "danger" signals that may be generated by exposure to ionizing radiation and their significance. There are a number of potential consequences of "danger" signaling in response to radiation exposure. "Danger" signals could mediate the pathogenesis of, or recovery from, radiation damage. They could alter intrinsic cellular radiosensitivity or initiate radioadaptive responses to subsequent exposure. They may spread outside the locally damaged site and mediate bystander or "out-of-field" radiation effects. Finally, an important aspect of classical "danger" signals is that they link initial nonspecific immune responses in a pathological site to the development of specific adaptive immunity. Interestingly, in the case of radiation, there is little evidence that "danger" signals efficiently translate radiation-induced tumor cell death into the generation of tumor-specific immunity or normal tissue damage into autoimmunity. The suggestion is that radiation-induced "danger" signals may be inadequate in this respect or that radiation interferes with the generation of specific immunity. There are many issues that need to be resolved regarding "danger" signaling after exposure to ionizing radiation. Evidence of their importance is, in some areas, scant, but the issues are worthy of consideration, if for no other reason than that manipulation of these pathways has the potential to improve the therapeutic benefit of radiation therapy. This article focuses on how normal tissues and tumors sense and respond to danger from ionizing radiation, on the nature of the signals that are sent, and on the impact on the eventual consequences of exposure. (C) 2004 by Radiation Research Society.