I. A Victorian National Health Service: State Vaccination, 1855–71
I. A Victorian National Health Service: State Vaccination, 1855–71
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I. 维多利亚时代的国家卫生服务：国家疫苗接种，1855-71
DOI：
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发表时间：
1962
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. J. Lambert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. J. Lambert
疫苗接种与 19 世纪国家活动的增长具有直接但仍然被忽视的相关性。作为当时预防医学的唯一决定性方法，“它已经成熟到立法机关能够明确应用它的程度”。事实上，从第一个十年起，政府就直接参与了其推广。因此，疫苗接种是国家开展的第一项持续的公共卫生活动。 1841 年之后，它也成为立法机关在全国范围内提供的第一个免费的、特别是非贫困化的医疗服务。而且，自 1853 年起，它成为第一个强制应用于英格兰和威尔士出生的每个儿童的预防方法，从而完成了其三重开创性的成就。就其全国性、免费和强制性的性质而言，这项医疗服务代表了政府行动的早期但又非常现代的延伸。
Vaccination has an immediate, but still quite neglected relevance to the growth of state activity in the nineteenth century. As the one conclusive method of preventive medicine of the time ‘it had ripened to the point at which the Legislature had become able to expressly apply it’. Indeed, from the first decade government was directly involved in its promotion. Vaccination thus constitutes the first continuous public health activity undertaken by the state. It also became, after 1841, the first free, specifically non-pauperizing, medical service provided by the Legislature on a national scale. And—completing its triple pioneering distinctions—from 1853 it was the first preventive method to be compulsorily applied to each child born in England and Wales. In its national, free and compulsory character, this health service represents an early yet remarkably modern extension of government action.