Single-Crystal Scintillation Materials
Single-Crystal Scintillation Materials
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-540-74761-1_50
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Nikl;A. Vedda;V. Laguta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Nikl;A. Vedda;V. Laguta
闪烁材料是 用于探测X射线和γ射线光子或加速粒子。具有高度结构完美性的宽带隙半导体或绝缘体材料适用于此目的。它们必须实现入射高能光子/粒子快速有效地转化为分别收集在导带和价带中的电子空穴对，以及它们在材料中合适的发光中心的辐射复合。产生的紫外光或可见光可以被传统的固态半导体或光电倍增管光电探测器以高灵敏度探测到，这是闪烁探测器不可或缺的一部分，将为更广泛的科学观众提供对这一领域的深入了解，同时我们将指出当前的一些热点问题。在回顾了X（γ）到可见光转换的历史问题和基本物理过程后，将总结实际重要的材料参数，特性和相关的测量原理。本文将概述所选的现代单晶和光学陶瓷材料。将特别注意所使用的制造技术与材料缺陷和瑕疵的发生之间的关系。研究和理解禁能隙中的相关陷阱态及其在材料中能量传递和存储过程中的作用将对材料优化至关重要。时间分辨发光光谱、波长分辨热释光和电子顺磁共振的相关实验为这一目的提供了强有力的工具。还将简要提及这一领域活动的未来前景和方向。
Scintillation materials are employed to detect x-ray andγ-ray photons or accelerated particles. Wide-bandgap semiconductor or insulator materials with a high degree of structural perfection are suitable for this purpose. They must accomplish fast and efficient transformation of incoming high-energy photon/particles to a number of electron–hole pairs collected in the conduction and valence bands, respectively, and their radiative recombination at suitable luminescence centers in the material. Generated ultraviolet (UV) or visible light can then be detected at high sensitivity by conventional solid-state semiconductor- or photomultiplier-based photodetectors, which are an indispensable part of scintillation detectors.An insight into this field will be provided for a wider scientific audience and at the same time we will point out some current hot topics. After reviewing the historical issues and fundamental physical processes of the x(γ)-to-visible light transformation occurring in scintillators, practically important material parameters, characteristics, and related measurement principles will be summarized. An overview of selected modern single-crystal and optical ceramic materials will be given. Particular attention will be paid to the relation between the manufacturing technology used and the occurrence of material defects and imperfections. The study and understanding of related trapping states in the forbidden gap and their role in the energy transfer and storage processes in the material will be shown to be of paramount importance for material optimization. Correlated experiments of time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy, wavelength-resolved thermally stimulated luminescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance offer a powerful tool for this purpose. Future prospects and directions for activity in the field will be briefly mentioned as well.